In recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been on the rise in China year by year. Diabetes treatment is a comprehensive “five-horse cart” treatment, of which diet therapy is the most important. Many diabetic patients still lack sufficient understanding and attention in dietary control, so it is necessary to further elaborate on dietary therapy for diabetic patients, to guide patients to implement the correct dietary control methods, and to effectively improve the quality of survival of patients.
Dietary principles for diabetic patients
Modern medicine proves that, after the diet of normal people, as blood sugar rises, insulin secretion also increases, so that blood sugar drops and is maintained in the normal range. But diabetic patients have absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion due to the decreasing function of pancreatic islets, and insulin cannot increase with the rise of blood glucose after diet, so it cannot play an effective role in lowering blood glucose, so the blood glucose exceeds the normal range.
At this time, if diet control is not carried out, or even excessive diet, blood glucose will rise too high, and it will adversely affect the islet tissue which is already insufficient in secretion, making the islet function more reduced and insulin secretion more reduced, thus further aggravating the condition. Therefore, diabetic patients should have reasonable dietary control.
1. Control total calories and maintain ideal weight
Diet therapy should be scientific and reasonable, with a balance between calorie intake and consumption. Carbohydrates should be at least 150 grams per day, a little carbohydrate is not afraid to eat, but aggravate the disease, or even ketosis. Scientifically arrange the main food and side food, and do not pay attention to the main food and despise the side food. Although the main food is the main source of blood glucose and should be controlled, but the protein and fat in the side food can also be turned into blood glucose and become the source of blood glucose through glucose xenobiotic effect in the body as usual. Therefore, the diet should be reasonably matched in order to achieve the expected effect.
2.Less food and more meals, the total amount remains the same
This can ensure that the blood sugar will not rise too high after meals. For those who are treated with insulin, attention should be paid to adding meals at 9 to 10 am, 3 to 4 pm or before bedtime as appropriate to prevent hypoglycemia.
3.Stable and diverse
On the basis of trying to take care of the patient’s original diet structure, correct bad eating habits (soaking rice, drinking porridge at breakfast, eating fruits at the same time of meal). Reasonable supplementation of various essential nutrients such as sugar, fat, protein, vitamins, inorganic salt, trace elements and dietary fiber.
4.It varies from person to person
Patients who are lean can relax the restrictions on diet to ensure the total calories. Obese patients must strictly control the diet, mainly low-calorie fat diet, to reduce weight. Attention should also be paid to the appropriate increase of staple foods or additional meals when physical work or activities are more frequent.
Food selection for diabetic patients
Under the premise of controlling the total calorie balance, it is very important to choose the suitable food for diabetic patients for the control of diabetes.
1.Foods that diabetic patients should not eat
(1) Foods that can easily raise blood sugar rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, milk sugar, fruit sugar, preserves, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, sweet cookies, cakes, sweet bread and sugar pastries, thin porridge, etc. Eat less starchy vegetables such as potatoes, white potatoes and yams.
(2) Foods that tend to raise blood lipids: These foods tend to raise serum cholesterol and cause vascular complications of diabetes, such as coronary heart disease. Therefore, diabetic patients should limit the intake of cholesterol in their diet, and should not eat or eat less egg yolk, animal oil, butter, cream, fatty meat, liver, brain, kidney to cholesterol-rich foods, compared to vegetable oil, lean meat and fish and shrimp, which are high protein and low fat food.
(3) should not drink alcohol. Because the alcohol contained in the wine does not contain other nutrients only for heat, each gram of alcohol heat production of about 7 kcal (294 joules), long-term drinking is not good for the liver, and easy to cause elevated serum triglycerides. A small number of patients taking sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to panic, shortness of breath, red cheeks and other reactions after drinking alcohol. Patients who use insulin are prone to hypoglycemia when drinking alcohol on an empty stomach because alcohol can inhibit the liver’s gluconeogenic effect.
2.Foods suitable for diabetic patients
(1) Choose high-quality protein. First of all, protein intake should be limited, and those with elevated blood urea nitrogen should pay more attention; secondly, the source of protein should be milk, lean meat, eggs, seafood and other high-quality animal protein.
(2) Eat more fiber-rich foods. Eat more fiber-rich foods, such as purple cabbage, corn, wheat, cabbage, leeks, bean products, mung beans, kelp, coarse grains, spinach, celery, leeks, bean sprouts, etc.. Food fiber is not digested and absorbed by the small intestine, but can bring a sense of satiety, help reduce food, and can delay the absorption of sugar and fat.
(3) It is advisable to eat foods containing calcium. Foods rich in calcium include: shrimp skin, kelp, pork ribs, sesame paste, soybeans, bean curd, shredded tofu, dried tofu, tofu brain, soybean flour milk, etc. Calcium deficiency can aggravate the condition of diabetic patients.
(4) Foods rich in selenium are recommended: such as fish, shiitake mushrooms, sesame seeds, garlic, mustard, mushrooms, etc. They can lower blood sugar, improve the symptoms of diabetes, and regulate sugar metabolism.
(5) It is advisable to eat pumpkin, bitter melon, onion, eel, shiitake mushroom, grapefruit. It has a significant improvement effect on the patient’s symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria, and has the function of lowering blood sugar and regulating blood sugar concentration.