The genetic material of HIV is RNA, and HIV is a retrovirus, which is also known as human immunodeficiency virus, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus can lead to a fatal chronic infectious disease called AIDS. The source of HIV infection is the human immunodeficiency virus infected people, they can be transmitted to healthy people through sexual behavior, or blood transmission, as well as mother-to-child transmission, and finally, due to the serious impairment of human immune function, in the role of disease-causing microorganisms clinical death. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen hygiene education, strictly promote the use of disposable syringes, and frequently disinfect the indoor environment in order to control the occurrence of AIDS.