1.Treatment principle
Maintain the negative balance between energy intake and consumption of the body. Ensure the body’s protein and other nutrient needs. Control the diet and increase the activity at the same time. While controlling the diet, increase the activity appropriately, which can improve glucose tolerance, reduce insulin secretion, promote body fat decomposition, reduce body protein loss and increase synthesis, and help maintain the normal nitrogen balance of the body. If necessary, it can be combined with enteral nutrition related products to regulate nutrition metabolism. Obesity treatment must adhere to enough time, persistently change the original life, dietary habits, long-term control of energy intake and energy consumption.
2.Treatment method
(1)Limit the total energy.
Energy restriction should be gradually reduced, avoid sudden reduction to the lowest safe level below, should be appropriate. Supplemented by appropriate physical activity, increase energy consumption. Mildly obese adults, this is possible to adhere to the minimum safe level for a longer period of time.
(2) moderate amount of protein.
Obesity should consume too much energy, too much energy no matter what kind of energy material from, can cause obesity, food protein is certainly no exception. At the same time, strictly limit the dietary energy supply, protein nutrition overload will also lead to liver and kidney function damage, so low energy dietary protein supply should not be too high, to adopt low energy dietary moderate obesity above, protein to provide energy accounted for 20% ~ 30% of the total energy is appropriate, and the use of high biological value protein, such as milk, fish, chicken, egg white, lean meat, etc..
(3) Limit fat.
Excessive intake of fat can cause ketosis, when limiting dietary energy supply, dietary fat supply must be limited, especially animal fat needs to be limited. Because in obesity, fat deposition in the subcutaneous tissue and visceral organs too much, often easy to cause fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease and other complications. In addition, high dietary fat is easy to be full and greasy, so that appetite decline. In order to make the diet contain low energy and strong hunger resistance, the dietary fat intake of obese people should be controlled at 25%~30% of the total energy. Cooking with vegetable oil should be selected with high unsaturated fatty acids containing vegetarian oil, is conducive to reducing blood cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis, such as soybean oil, corn, sesame oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, vegetable oil, etc.; avoid animal fat such as lard, beef fat, fatty meat, etc.
(4) Limit sugar.
The satiety of sugar is low and can increase appetite. More than moderate obese people can have hyperphagia. The low energy dietary sugar ratio is still supplied at or above normal requirements, which is difficult for patients to accept. In addition, in order to prevent ketosis and negative nitrogen balance, sugar supply should be controlled at 40%~55% of total energy. Sugar can be transformed into fat in the body, especially in obese people who ingest simple sugar, it is more likely to be deposited in the form of fat, so foods containing simple sugar, such as sucrose, maltose, fructose, preserves and desserts, should be eaten as little as possible or not.
Food fiber can be unrestricted, the diet is appropriate to increase food fiber, such as bran bread made of wheat bran, algae polysaccharide in the sodium fucoidan, pectin, wheat bran, beet crumbs, etc. can reduce blood lipids and reduce the absorption of sugar, facilitate the stool, reduce sodium and water retention, play a weight loss role. The daily supply of dietary fiber per person is not less than 12g is appropriate.
(5) Limit salt and purine.
Salt can cause thirst and stimulate appetite, and can increase weight. More food is not conducive to the treatment of obesity. 3~6g/d of salt is appropriate. Purine can promote appetite and increase the burden of liver and kidney metabolism, so animal offal containing high purine should be restricted, such as animal liver, heart, kidney, etc.
(6) Cooking methods and meals.
Steam, boil, burn, buy up, bake and other cooking methods, avoid frying, frying methods, fried food contains more fat, and stimulate appetite, not conducive to treatment. The number of meals should vary from person to person, usually 3 to 5 meals per day.
(7) Abstain from alcohol.
Because each 1ml of pure ethanol can produce about 29, 3kj (7kcal) of heat. The following is 100ml of common alcohol ethanol content: 65% of Beijing dipotou, 18% of rice wine, fresh beer 3, 1 ~ 3, 5%, red wine 14, 4%, white wine 12%, cider 15%, brandy 40%; beer contains the least amount of ethanol, but if you drink more, heat production is still a lot, must be strictly controlled.
(8) Increase the amount of exercise.
Reasonable diet is quite important for weight loss, but must be combined with exercise to receive greater benefits.
(9) Enough vitamins and minerals.
Eat more vegetables, which are rich in vitamins and low in energy and satiety; food should be diversified, avoid partial diet.