Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH for short) is a common disease in older men. BPH should be treated if it has affected urination and normal life. Recurrent hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, large bladder diverticula, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency, and urinary retention (inability to urinate after removal of the ureter at least once) due to prostate enlargement should be treated with aggressive surgical procedures. The decision to operate also depends on the impact of prostate enlargement on the patient’s quality of life and the patient’s ability to tolerate the symptoms. Although the patient has not yet developed the above absolute indications for surgery, surgery may be considered because of the severe impact of symptoms on the patient’s quality of life or because of the slow action of medications that the patient does not want to tolerate for a long time. The actual fact is that, with the advancement of medical technology, surgery is still the most important method of treating prostate enlargement. It is well known that the surgical treatment of prostate enlargement is only open and intra-cavity. The most common type of surgery is the suprapubic transcatheter prostatectomy, the retropubic prostatectomy and the perineal prostatectomy. The most commonly used suprapubic transcatheter prostatectomy has a history of nearly 100 years. Although this procedure can completely remove the enlarged prostate, it is very traumatic for the patient, bleeding in the glandular fossa and even requiring blood transfusion, long postoperative recovery time requiring prolonged bladder irrigation and indwelling catheterization for more than 1 week, and because the enlarged tissue is removed blindly, extensive adhesions can easily damage the prostate envelope and external urethral sphincter, making it difficult for the patient to recover. The patient may have more complications such as urinary incontinence and wound infection after surgery. Therefore, open surgery may be more appropriate for patients who also need to deal with bladder disease (such as bladder diverticulum) and those who cannot undergo transurethral surgery for knee ankylosis or urethral stricture. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the most common method of intracavitary prostate surgery. In the last 20 years, this procedure has developed relatively rapidly due to advances in training methods and proficiency in operating techniques. This method is not visible on the patient’s body after the surgery, the surgical trauma is small, the intraoperative bleeding is small and generally no blood transfusion is needed, some elderly patients who have difficulty with open surgery or some patients with systemic comorbidities can also undergo this surgery; the operation time is short, the operation procedure of cutting and suturing multiple layers of tissue is omitted, saving time; the patient recovers quickly after the operation, he can get out of bed 24 hours after the operation, 2~3 days later, he can In addition, other causes of bladder neck obstruction can also be solved by transurethral resection. However, the clinical practice over the years has also revealed some defects of TURP, firstly, because of its relatively high technical difficulty, not every surgeon can completely remove the hyperplastic prostate tissue in one operation, which not only increases the reoperation rate, but also makes the surgical result of some patients poor; secondly, during the operation, especially for beginners, it is easy to damage the external urethral sphincter, which makes the patient incontinent after the operation; thirdly, because of The TURP procedure requires non-electrolyte solutions such as glucose and mannitol as irrigation solution, which are different in composition from the human body’s own blood, and may have the occurrence of fatal dilutional hyponatremia (TURS syndrome) intraoperatively. The laser prostate vaporization used in recent years is effective in stopping bleeding, but only for smaller prostates; laser prostate enucleation can completely and thoroughly remove the hyperplastic prostate tissue, but the cut prostate tissue needs to be crushed by a special crusher and then removed from the bladder, which not only increases the operating time but also has higher requirements for surgical equipment. In recent years, we have carried out transurethral resection of the prostate with a plasma knife. The procedure not only retains the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, shorter operation time, the ability to deal with stones and tumors in the bladder at the same time, and faster recovery after surgery, but also has the feature of completely removing the hyperplastic prostate tissue under the prostate envelope as in open surgery; and the procedure is monitored by a television camera system, which pushes the hyperplastic prostate in the reverse direction from the distal seminal fossa to the bladder neck within the prostate envelope, making the anatomy The plasma generator requires that the irrigation solution used during the operation be an electrolyte solution, i.e. saline, which is basically close to the physiological standard of human blood, thus eliminating the occurrence of intraoperative TURS syndrome and making the operation safer. In conclusion, plasma knife transurethral resection of the prostate combines the advantages of traditional open surgery and TURP, making the surgery safer and the post-operative efficacy better for the patient, making it a safe, efficient and thorough new method for the treatment of prostate enlargement in recent years.