With the popularization of scientific knowledge, general medical knowledge is becoming more and more familiar to the general public. In recent years, the accelerated pace of life, the aggravation of environmental pollution and the continuous influence of bad living habits have made the incidence rate of some cancers increase year by year. Cancer has become a word that people are afraid to talk about. The term “incurable disease” once became the most direct understanding of cancer among the people. However, with the improvement of medical level and the unremitting efforts of generations of oncologists, a set of internationally recognized theoretical system has been gradually formed for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and the latest research on targeted therapy have been leading cancer patients step by step out of the devil’s den and towards light and hope. Today we are going to talk about some distorted understanding of chemotherapy. Many people’s first reaction to chemotherapy is: severe vomiting, weakness, numbness of hands and feet, etc. Some people may even think that chemotherapy will accelerate the disease progression and shorten the survival time. It is obvious that these understandings are biased. First, let’s start with the definition of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a treatment method that uses chemical drugs to kill tumor cells, inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells, and promote the differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Since chemotherapy drugs have an effect on normal cells while killing tumor cells, this is the root cause of the adverse effects of chemotherapy. The most common adverse reactions during chemotherapy are: digestive dysfunction, bone marrow suppression, neurological and cardiotoxicity, etc. The fact is that many adverse reactions do not occur in a concentrated manner in every individual due to individual differences. If these adverse reactions occurred 100%, wouldn’t all drugs become harmful poisons? If people have the opportunity to go to the tumor ward to observe, they will find that chemotherapy patients are not as dead and dreary as they are said to be. On the contrary, many of them have increased their self-confidence and changed their attitude towards life with the help of doctors because their desire for survival has been stimulated after suffering from tumor. It is undeniable that the adverse effects of chemotherapy occur from time to time during the process of chemotherapy. Doctors specializing in oncology have their own rich experience in dealing with drug side effects. Gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow suppression are common during chemotherapy, but the reactions are generally mild and will improve quickly with proper treatment. If improperly handled, the patient will develop fear, and the body will develop a conditioned reflex, manifested as nausea and vomiting just after starting chemotherapy or even before the chemotherapy drugs are used, which is clinically known as anticipatory nausea and vomiting, or conditioned reflex. There is also a more common clinical adverse reaction is myelosuppression, myelosuppression is the inhibition of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow by the chemotherapy drug itself, which is most often manifested clinically as a decrease in white blood cells. In severe cases, there may be a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Since white blood cells are an important component involved in the body’s defense, bone marrow suppression can increase the risk of infection. In order to prevent this from happening, we will closely test the patient’s blood picture. Patients are generally asked to have their blood checked before, during and after chemotherapy to observe the bone marrow hematopoiesis. If there is bone marrow suppression, medication will be given to correct it. Chemotherapy requires professional knowledge and technology, and patients should go to the Department of Medical Oncology of regular hospitals for standardized chemotherapy, and should not go to hospitals or departments that do not have professional chemotherapy knowledge and technology under the pretext of not letting patients know their condition, which will lead to chemotherapy reflection that will not be handled or not handled in time, making patients suffer more, spend money, and delay their condition. Violation of the patient’s right to know and the right to choose! The rights of patients should be respected! To sum up, the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy are preventable and treatable. We should face up to the role of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, get out of the misunderstanding of chemotherapy, eliminate the fear of chemotherapy, and work together to overcome the cancer disease.