Iron deficiency anemia (hereinafter referred to as IDA) is a very common disease with a high prevalence among infants and women of childbearing age, with about 600 million 700 million people worldwide suffering from IDA. Due to its various causes and clinical manifestations, it is often difficult for general patients to achieve early detection and treatment. It is not difficult to diagnose IDA, but to discover its causes. But the causes are summarized in the following three points. 1, nutritional factors: the lack of sufficient amount of iron in the diet or food structure is not reasonable resulting in the absorption and utilization of iron is reduced. Such as infants, due to rapid growth and development, the need for iron, and low iron content in breast milk, such as the timely addition of complementary foods, it is easy to cause IDA; such as adolescent women, due to rapid growth and development, coupled with the onset of menstruation, the monthly loss of iron and more, such as dietary intake of iron can not meet the body’s needs, IDA is also prone to occur. 2, chronic blood loss and excessive iron loss: long-term small bleeding than a major bleeding is more likely to occur IDA. IDA occurs. gastrointestinal bleeding (gastroduodenal bleeding and hemorrhoid bleeding, etc.) is the most common cause of IDA in adult men, and excessive menstruation is the most common cause of IDA in menstruating women, other diseases that cause chronic blood loss and excessive iron loss are hookworm disease, paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria, chronic renal failure for hemodialysis treatment, etc. 3, iron absorption disorders: most often seen in patients with gastrectomy, a variety of different reasons for long-term severe diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome is also very susceptible to IDA. the first hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Department of Hematology Luo Sheng IDA early detection is difficult, many patients are often found because of the examination of the original disease or in the health examination. Its common symptoms are dizziness, headache, pallor, fatigue, palpitations, shortness of breath after activity, tinnitus, etc.; mucosal tissue changes leading to tongue inflammation, stomatitis, dysphagia, dry skin, lusterless hair, easily broken nails or rebound nails; severe cases may have peripheral neuritis, increased intracranial pressure, optic papilledema; children may show irritability, excitement, irritability, hyperactivity. The diagnostic criteria for IDA are: 1. small cell hypochromic anemia; 2. clear cause and clinical manifestations of iron deficiency; 3. serum iron <10.7umol/L; 4. serum iron saturation <15%; 5. bone marrow iron staining shows the disappearance of small grain stainable iron in bone marrow and iron granule juvenile erythrocytes <15%; 6. erythrocyte free protoporphyrin 〉0.9umol/L (whole blood); 7. serum ferritin < 14ug/L; 8. Iron therapy is effective. IDA can be diagnosed if any two or more of Article 1 and Article 28 are met. The treatment of IDA is actually very simple. 1, etiological treatment is the most important, to cure anemia and prevent recurrence is of great significance. For example, hookworm disease should be treated with deworming. 2, iron supplements: oral iron is the preferred method, commonly used drugs powerful glucophage (150mg, 12 times a day), iron dextran (25mg, 23 times a day), ferrous succinate (100mg, 3 times a day), etc. If there is no therapeutic response to treatment for three weeks, you should check whether the diagnosis is accurate, whether there is active bleeding, whether the medication is taken according to medical advice. For those who cannot tolerate oral iron, late pregnancy, impaired absorption in the digestive tract (e.g. after major gastrectomy), severe gastrointestinal diseases, and aggravation of symptoms by oral iron, iron injection is required. The dose of iron should be supplemented (mg) = (normal Hbg/dl- patient Hbg/dl ) × 300 + 500. However, iron injection is likely to cause adverse reactions such as hard knots at the injection site, purple and black skin, nausea and vomiting, fever, pityriasis, and even anaphylactic shock. Each deep intramuscular injection, to slowly push the injection, there is a systemic reaction to immediately stop the drug, the daily injection of 50mg is appropriate, pay attention to change the injection site, accompanied by liver and kidney damage to the patient can not use injectable iron. Of course nutritional IDA in addition to supplemental iron, increase nutrition is also very important, increase the intake of high-quality animal protein can increase iron absorption and bioavailability. Hemoglobin rises at least 15g/L after iron therapy as an effective criterion. The criteria for cure are: 1. complete disappearance of clinical symptoms; 2. normalization of hemoglobin; 3. normalization of storage iron indicators (e.g. ferritin, erythrocyte free protoporphyrin, etc.); 4. elimination of the cause of iron deficiency. The prognosis of IDA depends on whether the primary disease can be treated completely. If the primary disease is cured, simultaneous iron supplementation can make the hemoglobin return to normal relatively quickly.