For pediatric anal fistulas, the optimal time for surgical treatment is usually between 1 and 2 years of age, and for infants and young children, the prognosis for surgery is better for low and simple fistulas. Anal fistula refers to a granulomatous tube around the rectum and anal canal. It consists of three main parts, the internal opening, the external opening and the fistula. According to the location of the fistula can be divided into high anal fistula and low anal fistula, if there is only one fistula is called simple anal fistula, at the same time with more than one fistula and fistula is called complex anal fistula. Surgical treatment methods are fistulotomy treatment, hanging line treatment, anal fistula excision treatment. 1. Fistula incision treatment, is to cut the fistula to fully expose the lumen, rely on granulation tissue repair and healing. 2. Hanging line treatment: by rubber band or coated with medicine line, mechanical compression, slow removal of fistula, to achieve the purpose of treatment. 3. anal fistula excision treatment: for low simple anal fistula can be directly to the fistula excision, by the healthy tissue gradually healing. Pediatric fistula need to hospital pediatric surgery, diagnose the condition, give reasonable treatment, avoid delay aggravation.