Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer

  With the continuous progress, popularity and increasing maturity of laparoscopic technology and the emergence and updating of new and multifunctional laparoscopic devices, the application of minimally invasive laparoscopic technology in the field of surgery has become increasingly widespread. Although the beginning of laparoscopic colorectal surgery is almost synchronized with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, its development and popularity are far less than LC surgery, mainly because there are some controversies about the radicality and safety of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Zhao Haiping, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University People have been continuously conducting experimental and clinical studies, and the research reports so far show that the pathological specimen examination of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery is not significantly different from that of open surgery in terms of tumor resection scope and lymphatic clearance, which in principle meets the requirements of tumor resection; clinical randomized controlled studies show that laparoscopic colorectal surgery is more effective in terms of tumor Many retrospective studies have shown that laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery is technically safe and feasible.  Whether laparoscopic surgery promotes tumor implantation and metastasis is another focal point of concern. Although basic and clinical studies at home and abroad have not clearly confirmed this, early reports indicate that the incisional implantation and metastasis rate of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery is higher than that of open surgery, reaching 1%-5%; it mainly occurs during the “learning curve” of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. The incisional metastasis rate of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery is higher than that of open surgery, reaching 1%-5%; it mainly occurs during the “learning curve” of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, which is related to factors such as unskilled surgical operation and poor concept of tumor-free operation. It can be considered that the problem of implantation or metastasis in the incision or perforation hole can no longer be an obstacle affecting laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.  The clinical efficacy of any new surgical procedure or technical approach is of primary concern, especially for colorectal cancer, in terms of long-term outcomes such as five-year postoperative survival rate. A recent prospective randomized clinical study confirmed that in early and mid-stage colorectal cancer patients, there was no significant difference in the near and long-term outcomes between the laparoscopic surgery group and the traditional open surgery group; while in advanced cases, the five-year postoperative survival rate, or tumor-free survival rate of the laparoscopic surgery group was significantly higher than that of the traditional open surgery group; it is believed that it may be crucial to the operator’s surgical skills and clinical experience in open surgery. The current scattered clinical studies show that laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery can fully achieve or even exceed the recent results of traditional open surgery, and the long-term efficacy is still under further follow-up; probably due to the clear operational field of laparoscopic colorectal surgery and wide radical treatment range, as well as the characteristics of less trauma and faster recovery, it is more favorable for patients to receive further comprehensive treatment at an early stage, thus improving the efficacy.  In our center, 77 colorectal surgeries of various types were completed in the past 4 years, the majority of which were performed in the past 1 year or so. 75 cases were completed laparoscopically or with its assistance as planned, and 2 cases were transferred, with a transfer rate of 2.6%, all of which were advanced tumors; the average operating time was 175 minutes, except for total and subtotal colorectal resection, which was between 350 min and 410 min, and the rest were around 170 min; intraoperative bleeding was about 110 ml, and no blood transfusion was needed during surgery in all cases; postoperative patients recovered quickly without serious complications such as bleeding and anastomotic leakage; at recent follow-up, more than 1 year after surgery, 2 cases showed tumor recurrence, metastasis and tumor implantation in the perforation hole, and 1 case died, all of which were laparoscopic colorectal surgery cases carried out early.  This study concluded that laparoscopic colorectal surgery has the advantages of clear surgical field, less trauma to the body, less interference, faster postoperative recovery and fewer complications; laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery can be performed by professional physicians with abundant open surgery and skilled laparoscopic operation techniques, which can pass the “learning curve” as early as possible, improve the success rate of surgery, reduce the number of complications, and achieve the goal of “high quality surgery”. Therefore, laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is theoretically and technically safe and feasible, and in principle, it not only achieves but also exceeds the clearance effect of open surgery in terms of radical tumor treatment. With further experimental and clinical studies, it is believed that in the near future, as in the case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease, ? Laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer treatment will also become the “gold standard” for the treatment of colorectal cancer.