Pulmonary isolation is also known as bronchopulmonary isolation. It is an embryonic condition in which a portion of the lung tissue develops separately from the normal lung, does not communicate with the normal bronchial tree, and its blood supply comes from an abnormal branch of the body circulation, with the draining veins returning from the pulmonary veins, inferior vena cava, or the odd vein. This malformation can be divided into intralobar and extralobar forms. Intralobar pulmonary segregation is a lesion with adjacent normal lung tissue wrapped in a uniform dirty layer of pleura, and the segregated lung tissue is indistinguishable from normal tissue, with the lesion divided into sac-like structures of varying size and partially solid lung tissue. The sacs are mucus and generally do not communicate with normal bronchi, but only with adjacent bronchi in case of infection, and there can be pus inside the sacs, and if air enters the sacs, gas-liquid planes can be produced. The blood supply artery is mostly from the descending aorta, and a few from the abdominal aorta or its branches. Venous return is mostly via the pulmonary veins, and a few via the inferior vena cava or the odd vein. This type is mostly seen in the posterior basal segment of the lower lobe, located in the paraspinal groove, and is more common on the left side and less common in the upper lobe. Lobar extranodal pulmonary isolation is a parapneumonic lobe or parapneumonic segment that is wrapped by a separate visceral pleura. The lesion tissue is mostly solid lung tissue masses, with a few cystic changes that do not easily cause infection. The blood supply artery is from the abdominal aorta and the venous return is via the inferior vena cava, portal vein, odd or semi-odd veins. The vast majority of this type is seen in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe, and a few may be located in the subdiaphragm or mediastinum. Clinically, pulmonary isolation can be seen in all age groups, mostly in young patients, and there is no significant difference in the onset of the disease between men and women, most patients are asymptomatic and are found incidentally during physical examination. Most of the patients are asymptomatic and are found incidentally during physical examination. However, due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cardiac anomalies, gastrointestinal anomalies and other concomitant malformations, lung lobar isolation is often detected within 1 year of age.