Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and infections are acute complications of diabetes and can be life-threatening if left untreated. So what are some of the chronic complications of diabetes? Under the influence of long-term hyperglycemia, various tissues and organs of the organism will undergo pathological changes including macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. Microangiopathy includes: first, diabetic retinopathy, which can cause retinal fundus hemorrhage, exudation and even retinal detachment, eventually leading to blindness, 30% of the blind patients are caused by diabetes; second, it can cause renal changes, causing glomerulosclerotic changes, we call diabetic nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy gradually progress will cause proteinuria, swelling, hypertension, and eventually develop to The progression of diabetic nephropathy can cause proteinuria, swelling, hypertension, and eventually end-stage diabetic nephropathy, causing renal failure. 40% of the patients who need dialysis for uremia are caused by diabetic nephropathy. At the same time, diabetes can also cause some macrovascular lesions, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. 80% of type 2 diabetes deaths are caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, which is two to four times the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality rate of normal people. In addition, it can cause peripheral vascular disease, resulting in arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs, narrowing and blockage, causing gangrene of both lower limbs, diabetic foot, etc. In serious cases, amputation is required, and the majority of non-traumatic amputation patients are caused by diabetic peripheral vascular disease.