Hiatal hernia is the most common type of extra-abdominal hernia, accounting for about 75% to 90% of all extra-abdominal hernias; or 85% to 95% of inguinal hernias. Inguinal hernias occur in the majority of males, with a male to female incidence ratio of approximately 15:1; the right side is more common than the left. There are congenital and acquired inguinal hernias. Congenital anatomical abnormalities: In early embryonic life, the testis is located in the retroperitoneum next to the 2nd to 3rd lumbar vertebrae, and then gradually descends while driving the peritoneum, transverse abdominal fascia and each muscle to gradually move down through the inguinal canal at the deep ring of the future inguinal canal and push the skin to form the scrotum. The descending peritoneum then forms a sheath, with the testis immediately behind its posterior wall. The lower part of the sphincter becomes the intrinsic sheath of the testis shortly after birth, and the rest of the sphincter atrophies and atresizes on its own, leaving a fibrous cord. If the sphincter is not atretic or is incompletely atretic, it becomes the hernia sac of a congenital hiatal hernia. The right side of the testis descends slightly later than the left side, and the atresia of the sphincter is also later, so there are more inguinal hernias on the right side.