Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by the body’s immune response to its own antigens that lead to damage to its own tissues. The human body has a large immune response, and when there are some foreign bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, etc. invading the body, there is a rejection and attack phenomenon, which is the immune phenomenon. In some special cases, when the body is infected with certain diseases or when there is a defect in the immune forces of the organism, the immune response to the organism itself causes autoimmune diseases, which are characterized by the production of antibodies in the blood against its own components. Examples include Graves’ disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Autoimmune diseases can also be caused by an autoimmune response in the endocrine organs of the body. The thyroid gland is one of the most important endocrine organs. Common autoimmune thyroid disorders include Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and idiopathic hypothyroidism. The presence of autoantibodies is not the same concept as autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies can be present in people without autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid epithelial cells, anti-thyroglobulin, and nuclear DNA antibodies. Damage or changes in antigens can trigger the production of autoantibodies.