As we all know, Chinese people love face, whether it is external or internal, it is so important to the people of China. When people reach the middle age, especially women, they all want to be an elegant and graceful woman, but there is such a group of women who are troubled by the problem of “face”, that is, chloasma, also known as butterfly spot, liver spot, stretch mark, is a common acquired pigmentation skin disease. It mainly occurs on the face, mainly on the cheek, cheek, nose, forehead and chin, and usually does not involve the eyelids and oral mucosa. It is a brown or black patch with indistinct boundary, mostly symmetrical. I. How is melasma caused? Unfortunately! The etiology is still unclear, and since it is more common in women, it is now thought that it may be related to pregnancy, oral contraceptives, endocrine, certain drugs, cosmetics, genetics, trace elements, liver diseases and ultraviolet rays. Pregnancy or oral contraceptives may be the main predisposing factors. In addition, psychological factors can also aggravate the disease. According to the research of Japanese and American researchers, about 18%-20% of women who take oral contraceptives have chloasma on their faces, while pregnant women often start to have chloasma in the second to fifth month of pregnancy. This is due to the increase of progesterone level in the body after taking birth control pills or pregnancy, because estrogen stimulates melanocytes to secrete melanosomes, while progesterone promotes the transfer and spread of melanosomes. According to the above mentioned physiological situation, once you stop taking contraceptive pills or after delivery, the content of estrogen and progesterone in your body will slowly decrease to normal, and the chloasma will gradually reduce or disappear. As for non-physiological chloasma, it is often caused by certain chronic diseases (such as menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, uterine adnexitis, infertility. liver disease, tuberculosis, chronic alcoholism, hyperthyroidism and visceral tumor), which may be related to endocrine factors such as ovarian, pituitary and thyroid gland. Long-term use of some drugs such as dormantine and phenytoin sodium can also induce the generation of chloasma. Chinese medicine calls this disease “miscellaneous diseases on the face”, “sallow spots”, “face dust”, “butterfly spots” and so on. The mechanism of this disease is caused by evil offending the skin, disharmony of qi and blood, liver depression and qi stagnation, and qi stagnation and blood stasis. Chinese medicine treatment can achieve better results by combining internal and external methods. According to Chinese medicine, the liver is out of control, the qi becomes stagnant, the stagnation turns into fire, burning the yin and blood, and the blood does not flow smoothly, which can lead to the disharmony of qi and blood on the face; the spleen qi is weak, the transportation and transformation are not healthy, and the qi and blood cannot produce the essence, so the qi and blood cannot moisten the face; the kidney yang is insufficient, the kidney essence is deficient, and other pathological changes can lead to chloasma on the face. What does chloasma look like? Clinically, melasma is divided into three types: ① Central face type: the most common type, with lesions on the forehead, cheeks, upper lip, nose and jaw; ② Cheek type: lesions are mainly located on the cheeks and nose bilaterally; ③ Mandibular type: lesions are mainly located on the jaw, with occasional involvement of the V-shaped area of the neck. The classification can also be based on the depth of pigmentation and examined by Wood’s lamp, and divided into epidermis, dermis and mixed type; epidermis under Wood’s lamp, the degree of pigmentation deepens; dermis has no obvious deepening; mixed type both types of performance can appear. When examined under natural light, the epidermal type is light brown, the dermal type is blue-gray, and the mixed type is dark brown. The pigment will change slightly with endocrine changes, sunlight and other factors. Some patients can slowly subside after delivery or stop taking oral contraceptives, but the course of the disease is difficult to be sure for most melasma patients, and it can last for months or years. Thirdly, what other diseases are long and close to it? Melasma needs to be distinguished from freckles, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, zygomatic brownish nevus, melanosis, pigmented lichen planus, etc. 4.How to treat melasma? (Under the guidance of doctors) So far, there are many treatments for melasma, that is, there is not yet a way to cure the disease completely, so do not seek medical help when you are sick.