Bile duct stones are generally difficult to expel on their own, unless they are sediment-like stones in the bile ducts, or if they are <5mm in diameter, they will be relatively easy to expel. If the diameter of bile duct stones exceeds 5mm, especially those over 1cm, there is usually no way to expel them on their own and they can be removed surgically. The main reason why bile duct stones cannot be discharged by themselves is that the bile duct and the abdomen of the lower part of the common bile duct are very narrow, and the normal diameter of the common bile duct is 0.6-0.8 cm. Therefore, when the pressure in the bile duct drops and the abdomen is closed, it is difficult to discharge the bile duct stones. Especially for larger stones, it is easy to cause impaction in the lower end of the bile duct, resulting in bile inability to drain, bile duct obstruction, acute biliary infection, abdominal pain, high fever, jaundice and other symptoms. Therefore, due to the narrow bile duct jugular abdomen, most stones cannot be expelled by themselves. After bile duct stones are found, transendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or choledochotomy is recommended to effectively remove the stones and avoid serious risks and complications. For larger stones, especially those over 1 cm, an ERCP is needed to do an incision of the lower end of the bile duct in the jug abdomen to retrieve the stone to avoid serious complications due to the stone being too large and tearing the jug abdomen, resulting in the loss of function of the jug abdomen. For smaller bile duct stones, it is possible that they can be expelled with symptomatic treatment such as active cholestasis, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic treatment, but this process also needs to be closely observed in the hospital to avoid serious complications. In case of severe acute cholangitis and acute pancreatitis, corresponding treatment measures need to be taken in time to avoid aggravation and life-threatening conditions.