The placenta is divided into two sides, the fetal side is grayish-white and the maternal side is dark red and round or oval. The placenta is round or oval and is divided into two parts, the fetal side and the maternal side. The surface of the fetal side of the placenta is covered by amniotic membrane, which is grayish-white, smooth, and translucent; the umbilical cord is usually attached in the middle of the fetal side, and the umbilical vessels radiate from the attachment in all directions up to the edge of the placenta. The maternal side of the placenta is the part of the placenta attached to the endometrium, which is dark red in color, divided into several maternal lobes by the trophoblast cells and the underlying meconium, and accomplishes important functions such as material exchange, defense, and immunity. Abnormalities in the placenta can affect fetal growth and development, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes.