Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils and proliferators, are hidden at the posterior end of the nasal cavity, located at the junction of the nasopharyngeal apex and posterior wall, between the two sides of the pharyngeal crypt, and are the lymphatic tissue at the top of the nasopharynx. The adenoids are called adenoid hypertrophy when they become pathologically hypertrophic due to repeated inflammatory stimulation and affect the general health or adjacent organs. The disease is most common in children and is often combined with chronic tonsillitis or secretory otitis media. Adenoid hypertrophy in children is a relatively common disease, which is commonly caused by inflammatory diseases such as acute and chronic rhinitis, tonsillitis and influenza, which cause pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids. Children with narrow nasopharyngeal cavity, such as adenoid hypertrophy blocking the posterior nostril and pharyngeal tube pharyngeal opening, can cause symptoms in the ear, nose, throat and other places. 1.Ear: obstruction of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube causes secretory otitis media, resulting in hearing loss and tinnitus. 2.Nose: It is often complicated by rhinitis and sinusitis, with symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose. When speaking with an occlusive nasal sound, snoring sound when sleeping, and sleep apnea in severe cases. 3. Pharynx, larynx and lower respiratory tract: secretions flow downward and irritate the respiratory tract mucosa, often causing nocturnal paroxysmal cough and easily complicating bronchitis. 4, adenoid face: long-term open-mouth breathing, resulting in facial bone development disorders, the maxilla becomes longer, the hard palate high arched, uneven teeth, thick lips, facial expression dull, showing a special “adenoid face” In addition, long-term adenoid hypertrophy of the child’s general development and poor nutritional status, open-mouth breathing, snoring, breath-holding during sleep, accompanied by night terrors, teeth grinding, urination, slow reaction, inattention and other reflex symptoms In addition, the child’s physical development and intellectual development are seriously affected. More seriously, long-term airway obstruction, lung hyperventilation, will lead to an increase in pulmonary artery pressure, serious cases can lead to right heart failure. Therefore, when a child has poor hearing or frequent nasal congestion and runny nose, it is important to think that it may not only be a disease of the ears or nose, but also to check whether the adenoids are enlarged, and it is easier to make a clear diagnosis through specialized examination. For children who have been diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy, if the symptoms are mild, they can be treated conservatively. Commonly used medications include antibiotics, nasal spray hormones, anti-allergy medications, decongestants and various types of Chinese anti-inflammatory medications. However, if open-mouth breathing, sleep snoring, or even adenoidal facies occur, surgery is needed as soon as possible. In addition, children with acute otitis media, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and recurrent tonsillitis should have their adenoids removed as soon as possible if they have enlarged adenoids. In conclusion, if parents find that their children have recurrent colds, recurrent tonsillitis, runny nose, nasal congestion, coughing, nose rubbing, eye rubbing, sneezing, or even hearing loss and obvious snoring in their daily life, they should go to the ENT department of the hospital for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.