Normal children do not snore and hold their breath during sleep. The most common disease that occurs during sleep, such as open-mouth breathing, snoring and breath-holding, is adenoid hypertrophy, mostly accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy. Guofang Guan, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University Adenoids are lymphatic tissues that exist in the nasopharynx at the back of the nasal cavity and are useful for defense against diseases, but hyperplasia and enlargement in the process of fighting pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease can lead to pathological changes. Physiological hypertrophy of the adenoids gradually shrinks with the age of the child until about 9 years of age, while pathological hypertrophy leads to many undesirable consequences and adversely affects the growth and development of the child. Breath-holding during sleep leads to lack of oxygen, which affects mental development, slow reaction time, inattention, and decreased academic performance. Long-term open-mouth breathing affects jaw and facial development, resulting in thickening of the lips, high arched hard palate, and widening of the orbital spacing and other “adenoid facial features”. Adenoid hypertrophy can affect the ventilation and drainage of the middle ear, leading to otitis media, and can also cause lesions in neighboring organs, such as chronic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis, which can be complicated by bronchitis. How to determine pediatric adenoid hypertrophy? If the affected child shows the above symptoms, then parents should take the child to the hospital otolaryngology department for examination. The most direct method is to perform a pediatric electronic rhinolaryngoscopy, which is a very tiny like a very soft tube, only a few millimeters in diameter, inserted through the nose into the nasopharynx, and the image can be displayed on a TV or monitor and can be printed out in color, with little pain and risk, and is generally acceptable for children. In general adenoids blocking more than 2/3 of the posterior nostril are considered pathological hypertrophy, while if the blockage does not exceed 1/2 of the posterior nostril it is considered physiological hypertrophy. Pathological hypertrophy should be treated with surgery as early as possible. Other examination methods include lateral X-rays of the nasopharynx to observe the thickness of the adenoids and determine whether it is pathological hypertrophy based on the relationship between its thickness and the anterior and posterior diameter of the nasopharynx. CT or MRI examinations can also be performed, but they are relatively expensive. The initial treatment was adenoids scraping with an adenoids scraper, which was performed through the oral cavity and was somewhat blind, and inadvertent damage to the eustachian tube on both sides of the nasopharynx could lead to otitis media, and residual adenoids were not uncommon. With the advent and development of nasal endoscopy, adenoidectomy under direct vision has improved the possibility of complete removal and reduced the occurrence of side injuries. The current ideal method is to apply low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation under direct vision to operate, which uses plasma to vaporize and eliminate the adenoid tissue, with almost no bleeding on the trauma, clear surgical field, and low temperature, with little damage to the surrounding tissues and fast recovery. Some parents are concerned about whether anesthesia will affect brain development. There is no evidence that anesthesia has an effect on brain development. There is no evidence that removal of the adenoids will affect the immune system of the child. However, the effects and dangers of adenoid hypertrophy on children are obvious and need to be actively treated.