Neonatal brain injury may be curable, depending on the extent of the condition. Common causes of neonatal brain injury include neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, cerebral hypoplasia, cerebral palsy, and congenital syphilis, which can be characterized by epilepsy, convulsions, motor deficits, lower developmental levels than their peers, and mental retardation. If the lesion is mild and the brain injury is of short duration, it can be cured with some probability, but there may be different degrees of sequelae, such as motor and intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. If the brain injury lasts for a longer period of time, has a low score at birth, and causes irreversible damage to the brain tissue, it is usually difficult to cure, and there may even be persistent mental disorders and death. If a newborn is found to have a possible brain injury, it should be treated immediately.