What are the methods and steps of enema? An enema is a treatment method of passing a certain amount of solution through the anal canal, from the anus through the rectum into the colon, to achieve laxity and exhaustion, usually used to treat some special diseases, such as constipation, proctitis, etc. Here we will learn about the methods and steps of enema. Method 1: Large number of unreserved enemas Applicable people: Large number of unreserved enemas can be used for stubborn constipation of tumor patients, which can soften stool, cleanse intestines, dilute and remove intestinal toxins. For cancer fever can not be controlled enema can reduce body temperature and some special examination and preparation before surgery. Note: Pregnancy, acute abdomen, gastrointestinal bleeding patients should not be enemas. Specific practices: 1. Prepare the enema solution and adjust the water temperature as prescribed by the doctor. Bring the supplies to the bedside, explain to the patient, obtain cooperation, and instruct urination. The patient should be shielded by an enclosing screen in a large ward. 2. Assist the patient to lie on the left side with both knees flexed to expose the buttocks, and place the rubber sheet and treatment towel under the buttocks. If the anal sphincter is out of control, the patient should be placed in a supine position with a potty under the buttocks. 3.Lubricate the front end of the anal canal, release a small amount of liquid to drive out the gas inside the canal, and test the temperature with the wrist to see if it is appropriate, then clamp the canal closed. 4.The operator’s left hand should separate the two buttocks of the patient to expose the anus, ask the patient to open his mouth and breathe, and the right hand should gently rotate the anal tube into the anus about 7-10cm. if there is resistance when inserting, the anal tube can be withdrawn slightly and then advanced. After insertion, fix the anal tube with one hand, lift the enema tube with the other hand or hang the tube on the infusion rack, with the liquid surface 40-60cm away from the bed edge, release the hemostatic clamp, so that the liquid is slowly filled into the intestine. 5.Observe the infusion of liquid in the tube, if the infusion is obstructed, shake the anal tube slightly, and check whether there is a blockage of fecal mass. If the patient feels bloated or has the desire to stool, the enema tube should be properly lowered and deep breathing with open mouth is recommended to reduce abdominal pressure. 6.When the liquid will be finished flowing, clamp the rubber tube, wrap the anal tube with hand paper and gently pull it out into the curved tray, let the patient lie down and ask to keep 5-lomin after defecation. Those who cannot get out of bed should be given a potty and hand towels. 7.After defecation, take away the potty, make up the bed, open the window for ventilation, and help the patient wash his hands. Observe the stool condition, and if necessary, keep the specimen for testing. Record the results in the stool column of the day’s temperature sheet. 8. Wash and disinfect the enema. Method 2: Clean enema For people: The purpose of clean enema is to stimulate intestinal peristalsis, soften and remove feces, eliminate intestinal gas, reduce abdominal distension, clean the intestinal tract, and prepare for surgery, examination, delivery. Specific methods: 1, the method is the same as a large number of unreserved enemas. 2, first with 0.1% soapy water 500ml instillation, stimulate intestinal peristalsis, the solution will be discharged and then irrigated with isotonic saline, repeated several times, until the discharge of clean fluid without fecal residue. Note: 1, the elderly, frail patients enema, should closely observe the condition, and give assistance. Enema pressure should be low. 2, each large number of clean enema, pay attention to the observation and record the amount of irrigation and discharge should be basically consistent, to prevent water poisoning. 3, clean enema patients should take the right side lying position, easy to reach the deep colon enema fluid. After each enema, the patient is instructed to retain the tablet as much as possible to achieve the effect of softening the stool and flushing the intestinal tract. Method 3: Retention enema Specific practices: 1. Ask the patient to defecate or give a defecating enema once. 2, according to the condition to decide the lying position, chronic bacillary dysentery is appropriate to take the left side of the lying position, amoebic dysentery is to take the right side of the lying position. The patient’s buttocks should be elevated by 10cm, the liquid surface should not exceed 30cm from the anus, and the amount of liquid within 200ml can be slowly instilled by funnel or syringe. 3, the amount of liquid in more than 200ml, with an open infusion bottle slowly drip (i.e. rectal drip method). When using the drip method, the buttocks should be elevated about 20cm, and the catheter should be inserted instead of the anal tube, with a length of about 1.0-l 5cm. The drip rate is generally 60-70 drops/min, and attention should be paid to insulation when dripping. 4.After extubation, ask the patient to lie down, try to tolerate, do not unwind, and keep it for more than lh. Note: 1, intestinal disease patients in the evening before sleep instillation is appropriate. 2, just after anal, rectal and colon surgery patients or patients with fecal incontinence are not allowed to retain enema