1.What is urticaria?
Urticaria is commonly known as rubella, wind bumps, rubella lumps, is caused by a variety of factors, the temporary expansion of small blood vessels in the mucous membrane of the skin and permeability plus the emergence of local edematous damage, that is, looks like a rash (that is, commonly known as rubella lumps, similar to mosquito bites after the skin bumps). It is often accompanied by severe itching and affects the normal life, work and study of people. According to statistics, about 15-25% of the population has experienced the onset of hives in their lifetime. It can happen to both men and women, young and middle-aged women are more common.
2. What is the difference between urticaria and measles?
Urticaria and measles are two completely different diseases. From the point of view of etiology, urticaria may be related to allergies and is not contagious; measles is a respiratory infection caused by the measles virus. From the point of view of performance, urticaria is manifested as bright red or pale white bumps of varying sizes and shapes, which can be limited or generalized throughout the body, fading after a few minutes or hours without traces, but new bumps appear one after another, one after another, with obvious itching; measles is manifested as fever, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, oral mucous membrane spots and diffuse red papules throughout the body, which can be without obvious itching. The treatment of urticaria is mainly antihistamines, while the treatment of measles is based on antiviral and symptomatic treatment.
3.What are the causes of urticaria?
The causes of urticaria are complex, and many factors may induce urticaria.
Common causes are.
(1) Food: Common food allergens include fish, shrimp, crabs and shellfish, meat, milk, eggs, etc.
(2) Drugs: Common drugs that can induce urticaria include penicillin, serum preparations, various vaccines, dysentery, sulfonamide, aspirin, etc.
(3) Infections: Bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections become the cause of acute and chronic urticaria that can be triggered or aggravated.
(4) Physical factors: cold can induce cold urticaria, heat can induce heat urticaria, and sunlight can induce solar urticaria.
(5) Mental factors: mental stress and tension can induce cholinergic urticaria.
(6) Visceral and systemic diseases, such as rheumatic diseases, malignant tumors, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, etc. can become potential causes of urticaria, especially chronic urticaria.
4.Is there a relationship between urticaria and chronic inflammation of the eye and hepatitis?
There may be some relationship, but it is not the only one and not the most important one. Some studies have linked Helicobacter pylori to urticaria, and others have suggested that chronic nettle infections increase the likelihood of food allergies. For chronic urticaria that persists, diagnostic treatment of chronic nettle infection may be attempted. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and urticaria may be related, but there is not an inevitable link.
5.Why does anger or nervousness trigger or aggravate urticaria?
Anger, tension, anxiety and other emotions can cause stress reactions in the body, triggering increased secretion of neurohumoral factors, such as bad mood can promote the release of mediators such as bradykinin and histamine from blood vessel walls or tissue cells, the latter acting on target tissues, which can cause a series of reactions, thus triggering or aggravating urticaria. Therefore, patients with chronic urticaria
The company is also adjusting their own rhythm of life and reducing mental stress, which is conducive to the improvement of the disease base to epidemic healing.
6.Is there a relationship between urticaria and immune dysfunction?
Urticaria and immune dysfunction are related. Immune related urticaria is mainly caused by type 1 allergic reaction, blood transfusion induced urticaria is type ll allergic reaction, serum sickness type urticaria may be type lll allergic reaction. When the body’s immune function is disturbed, stimulating the body to have a metamorphic reaction may cause urticaria to occur. This immune disorder is not an immune problem, but simply an immune disorder related to the triggering of urticaria.
7.What are the main manifestations of urticaria?
Different types of urticaria present somewhat differently. Commonly, spontaneous urticaria is characterized by a spontaneous onset of itchy, itchy bumps with varying severity. In the first few minutes of the cluster, there is often localized itching or a tingling sensation; the cluster often subsides spontaneously within a few hours, but new damage often appears elsewhere; in addition, the cluster is often accompanied by a severe itching, stinging or burning sensation, but the degree varies from person to person.
There are also some types of urticaria that require external physical stimulation of the patient’s skin (such as scratching, cold, sunlight, etc.) before they appear, which are medically known as physical urticaria, including skin scarring, cold urticaria, sun urticaria, etc.
8.How is urticaria classified medically at present?
The main medical classification model is to divide urticaria into acute urticaria (less than 6 weeks) and chronic urticaria (more than 6 weeks) based on the duration of the disease (6 weeks). Some scholars have also classified urticaria into immune, non-immune, and idiopathic (unknown cause) based on etiology and pathogenesis.
In recent years, the more respected classification is based on duration, frequency and cause into spontaneous urticaria, physical urticaria (including cold urticaria, stress urticaria, skin scarring, exercise-induced allergy, limited heat urticaria, sun urticaria, vibration urticaria, etc.) and specific types of urticaria (including adrenergic urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, contact urticaria and water urticaria, etc.).
9.What is the difference between acute urticaria and chronic urticaria?
Generally speaking, most acute urticaria has an acute onset with a clear cause or trigger, mostly related to infection or food allergy, and can be cured within a few weeks; while most chronic urticaria has an unknown cause and can last for several years or decades.
10.What is the matter with the swelling around the eyes and lips when hives appear?
Urticaria is the skin, mucous membrane small blood vessel expansion and permeability plus a limited edema reaction, this reaction in the eye insurance, mouth and lips, foreskin, vulva and other parts of the loose tissue is particularly prone to occur, that is, the performance of periocular, lip swelling and other symptoms, this phenomenon in the medical known as angioedema. Urticaria and angioedema can occur separately or simultaneously.
11.Is papular urticaria also measles? How is it treated?
Papular urticaria is generally not considered to be urticaria. Papular urticaria may be related to insect bites and is common in the spring and autumn. For treatment, pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, take oral antihistamines, and use topical zinc oxide lotion or corticosteroid cream to relieve itching and reduce inflammation; in case of secondary infection, topical or internal medication can be given to fight infection.
12, cholinergic urticaria is what is going on?
Cholinergic urticaria is a special type of chronic urticaria, usually in young people, the performance of sports, sweating or emotional excitement after the body appears small clusters, or only severe itching without clusters, a few patients can appear flushing, fatigue or asthma and other systemic symptoms. This type of urticaria is mainly due to cholinergic neurogenic impulses to release acetylcholine, which promotes the release of histamine from basophils and mast cells, resulting in dilation of small blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes and increased permeability. Usually acne can be cured naturally after several years. This type of urticaria responds poorly to antihistamine treatment.
13.What is the urgency of cutaneous urticaria?
Cutaneous urticaria is a type of physical urticaria and is relatively common in clinical practice. Patients with this disorder have an increased physiological response to weak external stimuli, and when the skin is scratched with a nail or other blunt object, a localized erythema appears. Again, there is a lack of curative drugs. Those without pruritus should usually avoid mechanical stimulation of the skin, while those with pruritus should be treated symptomatically with oral antihistamines. Most skin scratches can be cured after several years acne.
14, urticaria should not S cing stand
should be checked. Although with the current means of detection, only a small percentage of patients can detect allergens, but if you can specify the source of allergies can be avoided as far as possible, if necessary, you can also consider desensitization treatment. Furthermore, if it is clear through the examination that you are not allergic to some common allergens, you can also avoid blindly avoiding the mouth.
15.What is the autologous serological test (ASST)? What is the significance in chronic urticaria?
The autologous serology test (ASST) is to collect the subject’s autologous serum and then do a skin test on his or her normal skin, and observe whether the skin test area appears to be windy and red after 15 to 20 minutes.
A positive ASST indicates the presence of organism reactivity to autologous serum. Such patients have more severe clinical signs and symptoms, require more antihistamines to control their symptoms, and have a longer duration of illness. Therefore, an ASST test can help physicians determine the condition and guide treatment.
16.How long can chronic urticaria take to heal?
Generally speaking, the natural course of chronic urticaria is 3-5 years, which means that the disease can mostly remit naturally after 3-5 years. However, 20yo patients can have the disease for more than 10 years, and a few patients may last for more than 20 years.
17.What are the main drugs currently used to treat urticaria and their characteristics?
The common drugs used clinically for the treatment of measles are antihistamines. The first generation of antihistamines (such as Pulverizine and Serpentine) can effectively reduce symptoms and the number of lesions, but often have side effects such as sedation (drowsiness) and anticholinergic, so long-term and daytime use is generally not recommended. Second-generation antihistamines (such as loratadine) have weak sedative effects and are currently the first-line drugs in clinical treatment. It is generally recommended to be taken continuously and regularly for 3-6 months, followed by gradual dose reduction. For a drug alone can not effectively control the symptoms of this, can consider doubling the dose, combined with other different types of antihistamines and other programs.
18.Why should chronic urticaria be treated with long-term medication?
There are no drugs to cure chronic urticaria, so antihistamines are mainly used to control symptoms. After the symptoms are completely controlled by treatment with antihistamines, it is still necessary to use long-term maintenance treatment for a period of time. This will further reduce the histamine receptor activation state and prevent recurrence of the disease due to immediate discontinuation of the medication after a short period of use. Generally urticaria patients need to be maintained for 3 to 6 months or longer.
19.Is it safe to take oral anti-allergy drugs for a long time?
It is generally believed that long-term oral anti-allergy medication is safe. The first generation of antihistamines can cause drowsiness, drowsiness, general weakness, lack of concentration, etc. In addition, they have an anticholinergic effect, and the secretions will be reduced and thickened, and dry mouth and throat will appear after taking the drugs. The new second-generation antihistamines overcome these inhibitory effects on the central nervous system and have a high safety profile when taken orally for a long time. However, some antihistamines should be taken long-term with attention to potential drug interactions, cardiotoxicity (mainly Q-T interval prolongation), etc. They should be used with caution in patients with severe liver function abnormalities. Clinically selected antihistamines such as loratadine and desloratadine are relatively safe for long-term application and can be used with confidence.
20.Why should I gain weight when taking antihistamines for a long time?
Long-term use of certain antihistamines, especially the first generation of antihistamines such as paracetamol, will shorten the time of food teasing in the human stomach, which will easily produce a sense of vanadium feed, thus stimulating the appetite of patients. Therefore, patients taking these antihistamines often experience significant weight gain after a period of taking the medication. Restricting a high-calorie diet can reduce the chances of gaining weight. Newer antihistamines, such as desloratadine, have a minimal effect on the stomach, so there is less fat gain with long-term use.
21.What antihistamines can be used in children?
The age limits and doses of different antihistamines vary widely. First-generation antihistamines such as tylenol and diphenhydramine can be used in infants under 2 years of age, with transthyretin being the only antihistamine approved for use in children under 1 year of age in the UK. Ketotifen can be used in children over 2 years of age. The second generation antihistamines loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizole, levocetirizole can be used in children over 2 years of age, refer to the instructions or follow the doctor’s instructions for the specific dosage.
22.Can pregnant women with urticaria take antihistamines?
In principle, antihistamines should be avoided during pregnancy. If the symptoms of urticaria are mild, topical treatment with glycopyrrolate and zinc oxide is recommended; if the symptoms are severe and treatment must be taken, relatively safe and reliable drugs should be chosen on the balance of pros and cons. Some studies have shown that chlorpheniramine (i.e., paracetamol) has no increased risk of teratogenicity, and chlorpheniramine is recommended.
However, some studies have also shown that chlorpheniramine can pass through the placenta and into breast milk; therefore, pregnant and lactating women are advised not to take it. For second-generation antihistamines, loratadine is currently recommended in Europe for pregnant women as appropriate, and no effects on the fetus have been found.
23.Are there any other treatments besides oral anti-allergy medications?
The etiology of chronic urticaria is complex and the pathogenesis is not clear, so treatment is difficult. In addition to oral anti-allergy drugs, non-specific anti-allergy therapy can be carried out, such as giving vitamin C and calcium to reduce vascular stirrup permeability. Epinephrine can be used for severe acute urticaria, histaglobulin and some immunosuppressants such as tretinoin and ciclosporin A are effective for persistent and refractory chronic urticaria, but the safety of the drugs needs to be considered. Recent foreign studies have shown that autologous serum injection therapy is effective for patients with chronic urticaria who are positive for ASST.
24. Can urticaria be treated with Chelation?
The treatment of urticaria is generally not advocated by the use of hives, and only those who do not respond to antihistamine treatment can be considered for gargling. The application of hormones is generally limited to patients with acute urticaria and chronic urticaria acute attacks, especially those with laryngeal edema or anaphylaxis. If hormones are applied for a long time, not only can they not prevent recurrence, but they also respond poorly to other medication after discontinuation and have many side effects.
25.Can Chinese medicine treat thin measles?
According to the Chinese medicine, measles are mostly caused by the membrane not solid, the wind evil invasion, curb in the skin and become; or due to physical factors, intolerance of fish and shrimp meat and fishy food, resulting in Tian intestinal heat, depressed in the muscle surface and develop urticaria. Therefore, Chinese medicine can be treated according to the patient’s different evidence, but also through acupuncture points and other treatment of acute and chronic urticaria, with certain efficacy.
26.Can desensitization treatment treat urticaria?
New domestic reports show that allergic urticaria with dust worm allergy above moderate level, single allergen and excluding autoimmunity has certain medium and long term efficacy. However, more clinical studies are needed to support the routine use of this treatment in the clinical setting.
27. Can urticaria patients be vaccinated?
If the urticaria attack is caused by vaccination, vaccination should be stopped. This is mostly seen with rabies vaccination or tetanus antitoxin. It is generally recommended that acute urticaria be treated before vaccination, and that vaccination is best avoided during acute attacks of chronic urticaria. Therefore, vaccinations should be administered with caution or as recommended by your doctor if you have a history of urticaria. If vaccination must be received, it should be done in a large medical institution and be prepared for resuscitation.
28.What are the precautions in daily life for patients with urticaria?
The first thing is to try to find out the cause by keeping an allergy diary, allergen check, etc. for prevention and treatment. The second is to try to avoid some irritating factors, such as wearing loose, cotton underwear, avoiding scalding and rubbing when bathing; not using disinfectants to clean underwear; and eating less chili, mustard and other irritating foods. After taking antihistamines if drowsiness, dizziness, avoid driving cars, working at height or operating machinery.
29.Do patients with urticaria need to severely restrict certain diets?
If there is no allergy to these foods, both medically and in life, strict dietary restrictions are not necessary. If the attacks are frequent and oral medication is ineffective or poor, you can pay attention to a light diet for a short time to help control the disease. Conversely, if oral treatment with one antihistamine a day is effective, you may not restrict your diet.
30.Does urticaria run in families?
Most types (such as spontaneous urticaria) are not passed on to the next generation. A few types of urticaria have some degree of heritability, such as familial cold urticaria, hereditary familial urticaria syndrome, and delayed familial hereditary heat urticaria, but these three types of urticaria are very rare in clinical practice and are now considered not to be part of the category of urticaria.
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