In ancient China, it was believed that evil winds could cause motor and sensory impairment in people, and the condition was called stroke, which is where the term stroke comes from. Nowadays, stroke generally refers to cerebrovascular disease, also called stroke (strokes), which is different in meaning from the ancient term stroke. Stroke can be classified as ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke, which is often referred to as cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. Stroke and cardiovascular disease have similar risk factors and pathogenesis, so they are often collectively referred to as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In Western countries, statistics have found that the first cause of death is malignant neoplasm, the second cause of death is cardiovascular disease, and the third cause of death is cerebrovascular disease. However, in China, statistics from the 1990s to the present show that, unlike in Western countries, cerebrovascular disease has surpassed cardiovascular disease as the second leading cause of death, but whether in the West or in China, cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of human beings. Therefore, how to control the occurrence of cardiovascular disease has become a top priority for health systems in all countries. In stroke, ischemic stroke accounts for about 80%, and the other 20% is hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by local brain tissue damage due to occlusion of blood vessels supplying brain tissue. This occlusion can be a local blood clot or an embolus formed by the dislodgement of blood clots in other parts of the body. So what kind of people are prone to cerebral infarction and what kind of people are prone to cerebral hemorrhage? It is impossible to be by a uniform standard from the appearance, but we can screen by physical examination, such as performing internal carotid artery ultrasonography, and patients with stenosis in the internal carotid artery have a greater chance of cerebral infarction. MRI or CT examination of cerebrovascular in high-risk groups, patients with cerebrovascular stenosis will be more likely to have cerebral infarction. Acute cerebral infarction will be more likely to occur early in the morning because blood pressure drops during sleep, which can easily lead to local thrombosis. We have also clinically encountered cerebral infarcts formed by dislodged venous thrombus due to long plane rides or inactive car rides. In fact, there are many clinically occult cerebral infarcts, which are often called lacunar cerebral infarcts. Although there is brain tissue necrosis, the patients have no clinical symptoms, and these patients should be more alert because their chances of symptomatic cerebral infarction are much higher than normal people. In contrast, cerebral hemorrhage is usually caused by hypertension. Due to the weakness of local blood vessel walls, blood penetrates the vessel walls into brain tissue when blood pressure increases, resulting in brain dysfunction, and because blood pressure tends to rise during daytime activities, cerebral hemorrhage usually occurs during daytime, or when alcohol abuse and emotional excitement cause dramatic fluctuations in blood pressure. In fact, hemorrhage and ischemia are not completely independent, and some cerebral hemorrhage is secondary to cerebral ischemia. So how does cardiovascular disease occur? In today’s highly developed technology, we can say that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are caused by a combination of factors, both genetic background and environmental factors. The so-called genetic background, that is, the role of genes, may also be the reason why Chinese people have a high incidence of cerebrovascular disease and Westerners have a high incidence of cardiovascular disease. We can explain the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases from an evolutionary point of view, and the fat metabolism plays a very critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, while fat is also critical for the life activities of the human body. Genes that rapidly mobilize fat, redistribute it, and raise lipid levels may have evolved over time to benefit the organism, as evidenced by some of the body’s responses. For example, when faced with prolonged cold weather (winter arrives), fat tends to migrate to the visceral area, leading to an enlarged abdomen (often referred to as a beer belly), as the body prepares to protect vital organs, while the same can happen with chronic stress, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, etc. Abnormal distribution of fat can lead to an increase in the concentration of LDL, a bad fat, in the blood, and when there is local inflammation in the walls of blood vessels, this bad fat is deposited on the walls of blood vessels leading to narrowing. LDL is synthesized from cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, so it is also very important to control the blood concentration of cholesterol, and the ultraviolet light from sunlight can make cholesterol synthesize vitamin D. Therefore, more outdoor activities should be beneficial to lower the blood cholesterol level. In addition to genetic factors, risk factors for cardiovascular disease include smoking, diabetes, old age, and hypertension. As we can see from the above, cardiovascular disease is completely preventable, and the most critical factor is to control blood lipids, and there are many ways to do this, including the application of lipid-lowering medications and exercise. One country that has done the best job in this regard is Japan, where they have passed legislation to control the waist circumference of men and women, with men not exceeding 85 cm and women not exceeding 80 cm, and if the corresponding value is exceeded, the department of the person who exceeds the limit will be heavily fined, and this means effectively controls the abnormal distribution of fat and the concentration of bad fat in the blood, because there are studies that confirm the correlation between the excess waist circumference and the increase of LDL Lipoprotein is correlated with an increase in LDL. Japan currently has the lowest incidence and mortality rate of cardiovascular disease in the world, and it cannot be denied that this simple decree has an important relationship. Although we do not have a corresponding law in China, we can follow this simple practice and adopt a healthy lifestyle such as eating less cholesterol and fatty foods, not smoking, not drinking, exercising outdoors more often, monitoring blood pressure frequently, reducing chronic stress, and having a peaceful mind. We are sure that cardiovascular disease can be prevented and even after its onset, a healthy life can be restored by active treatment and following the above principles. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is the result of a long-term unhealthy lifestyle plus a combination of factors that often do not get enough attention because of the long time period. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and how to make everyone, especially those with a family history and risk factors such as obesity, really pay attention to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is the fundamental of the fundamental to control this disease in our country.