The efficacy of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with ARAS treated with PTRAS from January 2002 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 47 male cases and 22 female cases; age ranged from 42 to 88 years, with a mean of 66.2 years. There were 66 cases unilaterally, including 1 case with a single functioning kidney; 3 cases bilaterally. Renal arteriogram showed that the degree of renal artery stenosis was 70% to 99%. There were 67 cases of combined hypertension, 69 cases of peripheral vascular lesions, 34 cases of coronary artery disease, 44 cases of diabetes mellitus, and 36 cases of hyperlipidemia. The postoperative renal function and blood pressure changes were observed and the efficacy was analyzed. Among the 68 patients with renal artery stenting, 1 case was lost at 3 months after surgery and 1 case died of myocardial infarction at 6 months after surgery; the remaining 66 cases were followed up for 13-60 months, with a mean of 32 months. The remaining 66 cases were followed up for 13-60 months, with a mean of 32 months. At 12 months of follow-up, the serum creatinine level was (107.8±35.4) μmol/L, which was not statistically significant compared with the preoperative level of (104.1±33.8) μmol/L (P>0.05); renal function improved in 9 cases (13.6%), was stable in 48 cases (72.8%), and deteriorated in 9 cases (13.6%), with a renal function benefit rate of 86.4%. 64 patients with preoperative hypertension were followed up. At 12-month follow-up, systolic blood pressure decreased from (163±34) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (132±24) mmHg and diastolic blood pressure decreased from (89±17) mmHg to (78±11) mmHg, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); 4 cases were cured (6.3%) and 52 cases improved (81.2%). 4 cases were cured (6.3%), 52 cases improved (81.2%), and 8 cases failed (12.5%), resulting in a benefit rate of 87.5% for hypertension. Restenosis occurred in 2 cases (3.0%) at 12 months of follow-up. It was concluded that PTRAS for ARAS has a high surgical success rate and contributes to blood pressure control and stabilization of renal function in hypertensive patients, and the long-term efficacy needs further follow-up observation.