Pulmonary alveoli do not necessarily require surgery; some small pulmonary alveoli can be cured without surgery, and the decision to operate should be made according to the severity of the pulmonary alveoli. Pulmonary alveoli are air-containing saccular cavities in the lung tissue with a diameter of more than 1cm formed by the fusion of alveoli with each other. When a pulmonary alveolus is smaller than 5cm and solitary, it is usually asymptomatic and can be left untreated. If the alveoli are large and occupy more than 1/3 of the volume of the lungs or are multiple, symptoms such as chest tightness and chest pain can occur, which can then be complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax. When pulmonary alveoli complicate pneumothorax, surgical treatment is the only effective treatment. The alveoli can be completely removed by thoracoscopy, and in severe cases, lobectomy with pleural fixation can be performed. In daily life, patients should pay attention to ensure sufficient rest, prohibit smoking and alcohol, and avoid overwork and late night. Enhance physical exercise to prevent coughing and other symptoms that may lead to alveolar rupture.