Hysterosalpingography is the most commonly used clinical test to check the patency of the fallopian tubes. It is performed by injecting contrast into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes through a catheter and using an X-ray diagnostic device to take X-ray fluoroscopy and radiographs. What is the function? 1. To check the patency of the fallopian tubes with an accuracy rate of 98%, but not 100%. There may be false positives (the fallopian tubes are considered to be open, for example, because of tubal spasm) or false negatives (the fallopian tubes are considered to be open, rarely); 2. The conception rate is as high as 76%, which is 4 times higher than those who did not have HSG examination. Possible reasons: (1) the flushing and sterilizing effect of the oily contrast agent on the tubal lumen; (2) the mild pulling effect of the contrast on the cervix, which can dissociate certain mild adhesions around the tubes; (3) possible improvement of the cervical mucus environment. What are the indications? (1) Infertility: It is used to understand the cause of infertility, to see if it is tubal infertility, and to see where the fallopian tubes are not working and to provide a basis for the next step of treatment. In some cases, after imaging, the incompetent fallopian tubes can be reopened and conception can occur. 2. Various other conditions that require knowledge of the patency of the fallopian tubes and the morphology of the uterus. What are the contraindications? 1, acute or subacute inflammation of the internal and external genitalia (so it is necessary to check the leucorrhoea before imaging, and the leucorrhoea should be normal before imaging); 2, serious systemic diseases that cannot tolerate the procedure; 3, pregnancy, menstruation; 4, postpartum, abortion, scraping within 6 weeks; 5, iodine allergy. What is the preoperative preparation? 1, imaging to clean menstruation 5-7 days is appropriate. If the endometrium is too early, the endometrium is not yet fully repaired and the hyperplastic endometrium is thin and easily damaged; if the endometrium and fallopian tube are too late, the contrast agent will not easily enter the fallopian tube cavity and may affect the morphology of the uterine cavity; in addition, the endometrium is hypertrophic, the blood vessels are dilated and the catheter is prone to puncture the endometrium to produce contrast agent reflux. 2, no intercourse after menstruation until before imaging; 3, normal diet on the day of imaging; 4, there may be a small amount of bleeding after imaging, bring good tissues to be prepared; 5, iodine allergy test, negative before imaging; half an hour before the procedure intramuscular injection of atropine antispasmodic, to avoid or reduce the uterus, fallopian tube spasm and cause difficulties in the pavilion or cause false images; 6, emptying the bladder before the procedure, constipated people perform clean enema before the procedure, in order to make The uterus is kept in normal position to avoid the illusion of external pressure. What should I pay attention to after the examination? The purpose of all precautions is to avoid infection, so it is required not to have intercourse within one menstrual cycle, and it is prohibited to take a tub bath, etc. How soon after the test can I get pregnant? After the hysterosalpingogram, there is a doctor’s recommendation to use contraception for three months in order to reduce the possible effects of X-ray exposure on the eggs. A follicle takes about 85 days from development to maturity, and after 3 months, it is a new follicle that has not been affected by the X-rays that develops. To be cautious, tests involving X-rays including HSG and chest X-ray are written with three months of contraception. However, the amount of radiation received by the HSG examiner is low, much less than the dose of teratogenic X-rays, and is less likely to affect the eggs. Clinical observations have found no increased risk of fetal abnormalities in women who became pregnant the same month after the imaging. Moreover, as mentioned earlier, iodine oil imaging itself has a therapeutic effect. The advice given by most experts in China is to take a month off after the HSG test to actively try for pregnancy. What are the similar other tests? 1. Tubal lavage: Instead of contrast, saline is injected and the pressure is felt by hand or depicted by a machine to determine the patency of the fallopian tubes. It is simpler than HSG, but it is impossible to see the shape of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes as well as the diffusion of the contrast agent in the uterine cavity. When one side is incompetent, it cannot tell which side is incompetent and can only make a general judgment, which is not as accurate as HSG. 2.Laparoscopic laparoscopic lavage (LC): It is recognized as the gold standard for evaluating the patency of the fallopian tubes, which can provide a visual understanding of the fallopian tubes and allow direct intubation of the blockage during the procedure to unblock the tubes and also detect other lesions in the pelvis. However, LV is an invasive test that requires hospitalization under general anesthesia and is more expensive, so it is generally not the preferred method for checking tubal patency. Compared with HSG, HyCoSy is a non-invasive test that can avoid iodine allergy and radiation exposure, shorten the examination time, reduce the number of visits and costs, and is a cost effective test method.