Many patients with short stature do not have any other uncomfortable symptoms except for their short height. Since growth is slow, usual illnesses are rare, and most intellectual development is normal, parents often do not consider their children to be pathological. In fact, as long as the height is lower than two standard deviations from the average height of the same region, race, age and sex or lower than the third percentile of the height curve of the population (in layman’s terms, it is the last three people in the queue of a hundred such children according to their size) medically it is called dwarfism. At the same time, growth of less than 4~5 cm per year from the age of 3 to the pre-pubertal period and less than 5~6 cm per year during puberty is called growth retardation. Most cases of dwarfism are caused by many diseases. Common causes of dwarfism are: i. Endocrine dwarfism: such as (1) growth hormone deficiency (in the past we called pituitary dwarfism. If growth hormone deficiency is not replenished in time, there will be many hazards. It will not only cause dwarfism, but also osteoporosis, muscle and sexual dysplasia, easy aging, susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and metabolic abnormalities, etc. Children with zinc and calcium deficiency need to be supplemented, why not growth hormone deficiency? (Only growth hormone deficiency is less obvious, unlike diabetics and insulin deficiency, which can be fatal if not supplemented in time.) The diagnosis can be confirmed by growth hormone stimulation test. (2) Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed by testing thyroxine. (3) Low adult height due to precocious puberty also falls into this category. Unlike general dwarfism, precocious puberty can lead to higher height than peers during the growth period, but growth stops early and the final height is often shorter. At present, endocrine dwarfism is treated very well. Hereditary short stature: Except for a few family members who are suffering from the same disease, most of the causes are difficult to find out and some of them lack effective treatment. Nutritional dwarfism: It is rare at present. General “picky eating” does not cause short stature. (Although many children with short stature have poor appetite, often it is not the poor appetite that causes short stature, but the fact that children with short stature grow slowly and eat less because they need less. Why does children’s appetite often increase when they enter puberty? (mainly because of accelerated growth and increased needs), and is only seen in patients with long-term chronic illnesses. Such patients do not need height-enhancing treatment, as long as the primary disease is effectively treated and nutrition is adjusted, they can grow taller. Fourth, intrauterine growth retardation: affected children are born with low length and weight, and fail to show effective catch-up within six months after birth, and low adult height. Growth hormone can have some effect on such patients to improve adult height. V. Chromosomal diseases: such as Turner syndrome and Down syndrome, which can be diagnosed by chromosomal examination. Depending on the type of disease, the treatment effect is different. Sixth, genetic metabolic diseases: such as stupid acetonuria, mucopolysaccharidosis. Such patients are currently poorly treated for augmentation. Seven, physical puberty delay: the so-called “late growth”, this category of people often have a family history, generally do not need treatment, and eventually can reach normal height. If you suspect this type, you should have your bone age checked regularly and make an annual height prediction. This is because children are now developing significantly earlier than previous generations. At present, there are many western developed countries stipulate that the bone age of children in the normal growth period should be checked every two years. Eight, skeletal system diseases: such as chondrodysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, etc.. In addition, there are some rare diseases such as: renal rickets, cranio-cerebral injury, tumors, etc.. Nowadays, there are many parents and even some medical professionals who have certain misconceptions about short stature. Either they think it is not curable or not necessary to cure, or they think that children have “early growth and late growth” anyway, so there is no need to hurry. In our clinic, we often encounter people who come to seek treatment only when they find out that their children are short in stature after they have stopped growing, but by then it is too late. Therefore, when you find out that your child is short in stature, you should not just wait, you should do the corresponding examination in time, the earlier the treatment, the better the effect.