Minimally invasive surgery for gallbladder polyps is known as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The process is roughly divided into preoperative preparation, surgical procedure, and postoperative treatment.
1. Preoperative preparation: psychological preparation, adaptive exercises (such as practicing urination and defecation in bed, practicing the correct way of coughing up sputum), gastrointestinal preparation (fasting for 8 to 12 hours before the operation, abstaining from drinking for 4 hours before the operation).
2. Surgical procedure: anesthesia, establishment of pneumoperitoneum, introduction of laparoscope and instruments, separation of the gallbladder triangle, isolation of the jugular duct of the gallbladder and the artery of the gallbladder, freeing of the gallbladder to remove the gallbladder, treatment of trauma in the gallbladder bed, placement of drainage tubes, suture closure of the surgical incision, and intraoperative rapid sectioning for pathological examination are feasible. Postoperatively, paraffin section pathologic examination must be done to determine the polyp pathologic typing.
3. Postoperative management: monitoring of vital signs, intravenous fluids to replenish the body’s energy needs, regular checking of the drainage tube for patency and dislodgement, encouragement of early activity, gastrointestinal function recovery can be considered to start eating, and removal of sutures after the wound has healed.
Compared with open cholecystectomy, this procedure has significantly shorter postoperative pain, shorter postoperative hospitalization and recovery time, but the cost is slightly higher.