Whether hepatitis B virus carriers develop disease varies from person to person and cannot be generalized. The progression of chronic HBV infection varies from an inactive carrier state to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, extrahepatic manifestations or even death, depending on the individual. The prognosis of HBV-infected patients and chronic hepatitis B patients in endemic areas is poor, and it is estimated that the 5-year progression rate is as follows: chronic hepatitis progresses to cirrhosis as 12%-20%; compensated cirrhosis progresses to hepatic dysfunction as 20%-23%; compensated cirrhosis progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma as 6%-15%. Therefore, hepatitis B virus carriers should pay attention to the regular review of liver function, liver ultrasound, alpha-fetoprotein indicators, and if the antiviral indication is reached, antiviral treatment should be carried out regularly.