”H. pylori is a name we often hear from gastroenterologists, or Hp for short, and was discovered by Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren, who were awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery. Medicine Prize in 2005. H. pylori infection is a major causative factor in chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. It is also rich in urease, which hydrolyzes urea to produce ammonia, forming a protective “ammonia cloud” around the bacterium to resist the killing effect of gastric acid. In Asia, the prevalence of H. pylori infection among teenagers in mainland China, Hong Kong, Vietnam and India is 60%, 50%, 40% and 70% respectively. The detection rate of H. pylori in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with chronic gastritis can reach 80% to 90%, while patients with peptic ulcer are higher and can reach more than 95% or even close to 100%. The detection rate of gastric cancer has been reported differently because local epithelial cells have been alienated. Most scholars now believe that “human-human” and “fecal-oral” are the main modes and routes of transmission, as well as endoscopic transmission, and that H. pylori infection has a significant aggregation in families. There is a significant clustering of H. pylori infection within families. Children of parents infected with H. pylori have a much higher chance of infection than other families. H. pylori infection is now mainly treated with anti-H. pylori drugs. Oral hygiene should be taken care of before H. pylori eradication. This can be done by replacing dental appliances, using mouthwash and antibacterial toothpaste for a period of time, and repairing oral problems such as tooth decay, tartar, and calculus. At present, the commonly used anti-H. pylori drugs at home and abroad include hydroxybenzyl penicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, furazolidone, organic colloidal bismuth, gastrodermic (gastric speed), Lodex gastric, Cipi’s powder, and gastric soothing. Patients with ulcer disease may also be treated with a combination of a proton pump inhibitor or h2 receptor antagonist plus two antimicrobials, or a proton pump inhibitor plus an antimicrobial, as appropriate. The duration of treatment is usually two weeks.