Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct originating from the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts to the lower end of the common bile duct. Primary bile duct cancer is less common, accounting for 0.01% to 0.46% of general autopsies, 2% of autopsies of tumor patients, and 0.3% to 1.8% of biliary tract surgeries. In Europe and the United States, bile duct cancer is 1.5 to 5 times more common than bile duct cancer, and in Japan, bile duct cancer is more common than bile duct cancer. The ratio of male to female is about 1.5~3.0. The age of onset is mostly 50~70 years old, but it can also be seen in young people. Cholangiocarcinoma is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly men aged 50 to 70. Because there are many surrounding tissues such as blood vessels, lymphatic tissues, nerve bundles and liver tissues, bile duct cancer is insidious and difficult to detect. Chemoradiotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma is not effective, and surgery is the only possible radical means, but the chance of cure is extremely low. Without surgery, the 5-year survival rate is 0%, the overall median survival rate is 5%, and the median survival period is 6 months. Postoperative survival also varies depending on tumor site and metastasis. Patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have survival rates of 22% to 66% after partial hepatectomy, patients with cancer of the middle and lower bile ducts have long-term survival rates of only 15% to 25% after Whipple’s procedure, and patients with cancer of the hilar and upper bile ducts have 5-year survival rates of 20% to 50% after surgery.