Early symptoms of rectal cancer: 1. Most of the early rectal cancers have no symptoms. 2. When rectal cancer grows to a certain extent, there are changes in bowel habit, bloody stool, pus-blood stool, urgency, constipation, diarrhea, etc. 3.The stool will gradually become thinner, and in the advanced stage, there will be obstruction of defecation, emaciation and even cachexia. 4. When the tumor invades the bladder, urethra, vagina and other surrounding organs, symptoms of urinary tract irritation, vaginal discharge of fecal fluid, pain in the sacral and perineal areas, and swelling of lower limbs appear. Effective diagnosis of rectal cancer 1.rectal finger examination is the necessary examination step to diagnose rectal cancer. About 80% of rectal cancer patients can be detected through rectal finger examination when they visit the doctor. Hard and uneven masses can be palpated, and in advanced stage, narrowing of intestinal cavity and fixed masses can be palpated. The finger sleeve can see dirty pus and blood containing feces. 2.Rectoscopy. After rectal finger examination, proctoscopy should be performed to assist diagnosis under direct vision to observe the morphology, upper and lower edges of the mass and the distance from the anal edge, and take the mass for pathological section to determine the nature of the mass and its differentiation degree. If the cancer is located in the middle or upper rectum and cannot be touched by fingers, sigmoidoscopy is a better method. 3.Barium enema and fiberoptic colonoscopy. It does not help much in the diagnosis of rectal cancer, so it is not listed as a routine examination, and is only used to exclude multiple tumors of the colon and rectum. 4.Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help to understand the location of tumor and its relationship with the surrounding adjacent structures, which is helpful for preoperative clinically accurate staging and formulation of reasonable comprehensive treatment strategies, such as: surgery or radiotherapy first? 5.CT of abdominopelvic cavity can understand the site of tumor, the relationship with adjacent structures, and whether there is metastasis around the rectum and other parts of abdominopelvic cavity. It is important for the staging of rectal cancer. 6.CT of chest or chest X-ray examination can understand whether there is metastasis in lung, pleura, mediastinal lymph nodes, etc. Treatment of rectal cancer Surgery: Surgery is the first choice for resectable rectal cancer, including open radical rectal cancer surgery and laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery, and at present, laparoscopic surgery is further accepted by everyone with the characteristics of small trauma, fast recovery and good effect.