How is diabetes and pre-diabetes diagnosed? Elevated blood glucose is the main basis for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is diagnosed when any one of the following three criteria is met: 1. Plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L at any time in persons with typical symptoms of diabetes; 2. Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L after more than 8 hours of fasting; 3. Plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L 2 hours after oral glucose tolerance test load. In addition, for fasting glucose ≥ 6.1 and < 7.0 mmol/L 7.0 mmol/L is impaired fasting glucose; two hours after glucose load plasma glucose ≥7.8 and <11.1 mmol/L is hypoglycemic; impaired fasting glucose and hypoglycemic tolerance together are called prediabetes. Fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose <7.8 mmol/L is considered normal. In accordance with recent studies in the literature, glycosylated hemoglobin (an indicator reflecting the average blood glucose of the recent 2-4 months) test has also been used as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes, with the World Health Organization recommending a criterion of >6.5% and the recommended criterion of 6.3%. Diabetes and prediabetes are highly prevalent. 2009 research by Professor Yang Wenying of the Chinese Medical Association’s Diabetes Branch showed that the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among adults in China is 9.7% and 15.5% respectively, and it is projected that there are about 92.4 million adults over 20 years old with diabetes and about 150 million people in prediabetes in China. 2010 United Nations Diabetes Day’s slogan is The slogan of the United Nations Diabetes Day 2010 is “Controlling diabetes is urgent”. It is especially important to know how to provide primary prevention for people with pre-diabetes. Identify vulnerable groups: 1. family history of first-degree relatives with diabetes; 2. patients with obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and gout; 3. or those who have had gestational diabetes or a history of having a giant fetus; 4. those older than 40 years old, less physically active, lacking exercise or with significant improvements in their standard of living. Chinese medicine to prevent diabetes: According to Chinese medicine, most people with pre-diabetes are suffering from deficiency of Qi and Yin, heat and Yin or deficiency of the spleen and loss of transportation, as well as phlegm and dampness, etc. Generally, Chinese herbal treatments are used to benefit Qi and nourish Yin, clear heat and produce fluid or strengthen the spleen and help transportation, dispel phlegm and dampness.