Oxidative stress (OS), a state characterized by an imbalance between pro-oxidant molecules including reactive oxygen species and nitrogen-containing substances, and antioxidant defense systems, has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of low fertility in both men and women. The side effects of oxidative stress in the quality and function of spermatozoa have been well described. On the other hand, in women, the effects of oxidative stress in oocyte and reproductive function are not well understood until now. The imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants can lead to many reproductive disorders like endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and unexplained infertility. Complications of pregnancy such as spontaneous miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, and preeclampsia are similarly associated with oxidative stress in their pathogenesis. Studies have shown that extreme weight and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol and drug use can promote the production of excess free radicals, which can affect fertility. Exposure to environmental pollutants is beginning to attract more attention, as they have been found that this can trigger oxidative stress that may lead to infertility in women. This article summarizes the recent literature on the role of actives and oxidative stress in normal and abnormal reproductive physiology. Antioxidant supplements may be effective in controlling the production of reactive oxygen species and continue to explore antioxidant supplements as a potential strategy to overcome reproductive disorders related to infertility. However, investigations conducted to date in animal or in vitro experimental studies have yielded largely conflicting results. In addition to the potential for antioxidant supplementation applied in assisted reproductive technology (ART) media to enhance the success of ART, the impact of oxidative stress in assisted reproductive technology will be addressed. Future randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms of how oxidative stress affects female fertility and will facilitate further exploration of the potential benefits of antioxidants in the treatment of infertility.