The first time I saw a woman, I was so excited to be able to have a second child. They ask what tests they need to do before pregnancy. Among these prospective second-child mothers, there are many who are 35 or even 40 years old or older, and their first children are often 7-8 years old or even 10 years old. When these mothers had their first child, many of them did not do any preconception checkups at all. As health awareness increases and health care knowledge becomes more widespread, they coincidentally ask these questions: Do they need to do preconception tests? What preconception tests do they need? Do mothers who are expecting their second child need preconception tests? They need preconception checkups more than their first child. Why is that? 1. Mothers of second children have a longer sexual history, poorer health and more exposure to pathogens, and are often more vulnerable to various pathogens, such as cervical HPV infection, AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, mycoplasma, TORCH and other infections, and they need to be screened for these pathogenic infections before pregnancy to rule them out. 2. The age of second-born mothers is generally older than that of first-born mothers, and they have to endure much more hardship than when they had their first child, and endocrine disorders occur from time to time. They need to check the endocrine situation. The endocrine examination mainly includes ovarian function check, thyroid function check and insulin function check. The heyday of fertility of second-time mothers has passed, so they need to check the reserve function of ovaries (mainly the five hormones); in addition, as people grow older, some people have hidden changes in thyroid function such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, while the thyroid is the “intelligence hormone” for children’s development. Abnormalities in thyroid function (mainly triple A and thyroid antibodies) can affect a child’s development. In recent years, it has been found that abnormal thyroid function can lead to infertility and miscarriage; some mothers preparing for their second child are gradually gaining weight due to lack of exercise and excess nutrition, resulting in insulin resistance and preclinical diabetes, which should also be screened (mainly for fasting and 2 hours post-meal blood sugar). 3. Many second-time mothers had their first child by cesarean section, how is their uterus healing? It is common to have a scar pregnancy from a cesarean section, which is an ectopic pregnancy! They need to be screened to see how well their uterus is healing. Is the interval from the first child sufficient? 4. As the mothers of the second child grow older, some diseases that are rare in their 20s will gradually find them, such as uterine fibroids, myometriosis, endometriosis, etc., which need to be clarified before pregnancy. Once problems are identified, they need to be adjusted before starting pregnancy. What preconception checkups do expectant mothers need to do? 1. Basic items (mandatory): gynecological hand examination, cervical TCT or Pap smear, transvaginal ultrasound. 2.Recommended items (can be screened according to your situation): (1) Cervical HPV test, TORCH IgM, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, AIDS, syphilis screening, routine white belt examination, and examination of infection items such as mycoplasma chlamydia. (2) Endocrine tests: five hormones, three A tests, fasting insulin and two blood glucose tests (fasting and 2 hours after meal) for obese people. (3) Ultrasound of breast, ultrasound of thyroid, liver and kidney function tests. (4) Pregnant mothers with medical conditions, especially those who have a high-risk pregnancy in the first child, need to be examined for relevant aspects, such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease and lupus erythematosus. (5) Those who have a history of bad pregnancy need to go to eugenics or genetic clinic for consultation. Some people need to undergo relevant tests under the guidance of a doctor. (6) Semen check for husband. What preparations should be made before pregnancy for mothers who are preparing for their second child? 1. Take oral folic acid 3 months in advance. 2. Exercise to improve physical fitness, overweight people need to lose weight. 3. Those who have inflammation of reproductive organs, such as vaginitis, uterine infection and adnexitis, need to be treated first. 4. Those who have endocrine abnormalities, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, need to try to conceive after adjustment. 5.People with uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts need gynecological consultation to see if they can try to conceive. 6. Adjust your emotions and arrange your work and life well. I wish mothers who are preparing for their second pregnancy a happy mood and a relaxed pace to approach your dream!