Anal fissures are not a major disease, but they are so painful that they are like torture when they use the toilet. A doctor once described the situation of an anal fissure patient: like a novice embroiderer who frequently encounters needles in the hand, not only painful, but also blood oozing out.
Summer is the peak season for anal fissures in women, and fissures can be triggered by picking your mouth and poor menstrual hygiene. In addition, young and middle-aged people, both men and women, are among the “favored” group of people for anal fissure disease.
The main causes of anal fissures?
1, occupational factors: long-term standing or sedentary. Because of the upright or sedentary posture, the anorectum resides in the lower part of the body, the hemorrhoidal vein reflux is not smooth.
2, chronic diseases: such as long-term malnutrition, physical weakness, causing the anal sphincter relaxation and weakness. Chronic hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, diarrhea, colitis, etc. are all triggers for the occurrence of anorectal diseases. Therefore, in the prevention should pay attention to the patient’s general condition and take reasonable and effective preventive measures.
3, defecation abnormalities: constipation is the biggest bane, force to solve the dry fecal mass, will certainly make the anus under greater pressure, resulting in a series of pathological changes such as stasis, swelling, fissures. Diarrhea can also increase the chances of local anal infection, producing diseases such as anal sinusitis, inflammatory external hemorrhoids and perianal abscesses.
4, dietary factors: daily life, the quality of food, water intake, can directly affect the stool composition, causing anorectal disease. Long-term drinking or eating spicy food will stimulate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, leading to colon dysfunction and a significant increase in the incidence of anorectal diseases.
5, bad defecation habits: squatting and prolonged defecation time, easy to cause stasis of blood in the anorectum and induce disease. Some people, regardless of whether they feel strong defecation, blindly keep struggling hard, so that the rectum anus and pelvic floor muscles increase unnecessary burden and local stasis of blood, leading to disease.
What are the symptoms of anal fissure?
Patients with anal fissures have typical clinical manifestations, namely pain, constipation and bleeding. The pain is mostly severe and has a typical periodicity. During defecation, due to the stimulation of the nerve endings in the anus, the patient will immediately feel burning or cutting pain in the anus, which is called pain during defecation; it can be relieved for a few minutes after defecation, which is called intermittent period; then the pain is severe again due to the contraction and spasm of the anal sphincter, which can last for half to several hours, which is clinically called sphincter contracture pain. The pain is relieved after the sphincter is fatigued and relaxed, but the pain occurs again when defecating again. The above is called the anal fissure pain cycle.
Patients are reluctant to defecate for fear of pain, which in time leads to constipation and drier stools, which in turn aggravates the fissure, forming a vicious cycle. A small amount of blood or drops of fresh blood is often seen on the surface of the stool or on the stool paper during defecation, and heavy bleeding is rare.
Dangers of anal fissure
Untreated anal fissures may lead to neurological weakness.
The intense pain increases the patient’s mental burden, affects rest, and causes neurosis.
Untreated anal fissures may aggravate constipation.
Fear of pain causes fear of defecation, and in order to reduce the number of painful bowel movements, patients are reluctant to have regular bowel movements, resulting in more dry stools.
If the fissure is not treated, the patient may suffer from anemia and fainting.
Fresh blood is often seen on the surface of the stool or on the stool paper during defecation, which can lead to anemia and even fainting over time.
If an anal fissure is left untreated for a long time, it may lead to other complications.
If anal fissures are left untreated for a long time, complications such as anal canal ulcers, sentinel hemorrhoids, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas and enlarged anal papillae can occur.
Methods of treating anal fissure.
1. conservative treatment: anal entry of taining cream can be made through the anus.
2, sitz bath: warm water sitz bath before defecation, so that the anal sphincter muscle relaxation, can reduce the impact of feces on the anal fissure; sitz bath after the stool can wash the fecal residue, reduce foreign body stimulation, reduce sphincter muscle spasm and anal pain. You can use Chinese herbs as fumigation bath or 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution bath.
3. Surgery for anal fissure.
Advice: eat more fruits and vegetables to avoid spicy
Experts suggest that in order to prevent anal fissures, it is best to develop a good habit of defecating in the morning. “After waking up in the morning, the person’s position changes from lying down to standing, plus the peristaltic movement of the stomach and intestines is enhanced, all conducive to promoting defecation.
”Morning moderate exercise such as exercise, taijiquan, qigong practice, etc., can prevent constipation.” Experts pointed out that the occurrence of constipation, can be used to lubricate the laxative, but be careful with fruit guide, rhubarb and other laxatives, these laxatives can make stool thinning, but also lead to diarrhea after constipation, aggravating anal fissures.
Experts point out that once a day is the most appropriate stool. If the stool stays in the colon and rectum for a long time, the water is heavily absorbed, and it is easy to dry and constipated. But several times a day, the pain and damage will be aggravated by the stimulation of defecation.
In order to make the stool smooth, people with anal fissures should eat more fruits and vegetables rich in fiber and vitamins, and avoid spicy, fried and other foods to prevent constipation.
”Fruits such as apples, peaches, apricots, pears and bananas, and vegetables such as celery, spinach, leeks, alfalfa, yellow cauliflower, wild rice and bamboo shoots are rich in fiber and vitamins, which can make the stool soft and easy to discharge, thus reducing the stimulation of dry and hard stools on the fissure wound. Sesame seeds, honey, vegetable oil and walnuts can also laxify the bowels and open the bowels.
Patients with anal fissures should avoid or eat less stimulating diets, such as white wine, yellow wine, chili, ginger, onion, garlic, etc. These diets can aggravate constipation, make anorectal congestion obvious and induce anal fissures.”
Warm tips: serious symptoms should be operated
For patients with anal fissures, surgery is recommended only for those who have not healed for a long time, conservative treatment is ineffective, and the symptoms are severe. As for those patients who do not heal for a long time and have formed old anal fissures or even subcutaneous fistulas, surgery should be considered.