The Department of Medical Oncology of Nanjing Cancer Hospital (Nanjing Second Hospital) recently admitted an 83-year-old old retired employee of the hospital with a small nodule in the lower lobe of the right lung, the size of which was about 0.9X1.0cm, and it was difficult to determine the nature of the small nodule due to the patient’s history of tuberculosis for many years, although the patient’s nodule was small and difficult to be punctured, together with the fact that the patient was too old and had obvious emphysema and a high chance of developing a pneumothorax, the patient had not had any pneumothorax in his physical examination one year ago, but he had a slight tendency to enlarge in the last three months. The patient’s physical examination a year ago did not show a trend of slight enlargement in the last three months. After a joint consultation with the Department of Oncology and Dr. Ding Huaiyin, the attending physician of the CT room, it was decided to perform a CT-guided puncture biopsy. Postoperative pathology showed that the patient was adenocarcinoma. Due to timely detection, early diagnosis and timely treatment, the patient recovered well. Dr. Ding Huaiyin, attending physician of CT room, member of minimally invasive lung cancer treatment sub-committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, introduced: CT-guided puncture biopsy is the main way to obtain pathological diagnosis, i.e., the puncture needle is used to penetrate into the body to take out small pieces of tissues in the lesion for biopsy under the guidance of CT in order to determine the nature of the lesion. This method is less traumatic for patients, with low risk, fast recovery, relatively few sequelae and complications, and less pain for patients. In recent years, more and more people have found lung nodules during physical examinations and other tests. The reason for this is that more and more people pay attention to annual health checkups, and the other reason is that multi-row spiral CT has been commonly used in clinical diagnosis and treatment and disease screening, and the chance of detecting nodules has increased. For example, in the past, only X-ray medical examination, then 1,000 people who took a film, may be found 4 to 6 lung nodule patients, and nodules are relatively large; and spiral CT, can be found from the same dozens of these people have lung nodules. How to then find out in time from these people with lung nodules who have small lung cancers and who don’t? This is critical because it can greatly increase the cure rate for lung cancer. If lung cancer is diagnosed in the middle or late stage, the best time for treatment is usually lost. While the average 5-year survival rate of early lung cancer is 55%~70%, small lung cancer reaches 75%~95%; even smaller lung cancer can be cured. It can be said that malignant lung nodules can be completely overcome as long as they receive effective and appropriate treatment. Therefore, tumors must be detected early. As the tumor grows and metastasizes, the survival rate is getting lower and lower. Therefore, it is most crucial to discover lung nodules and obtain an accurate pathologic diagnosis as soon as possible. When small nodules are detected early, follow-up can be chosen, and the interval of follow-up depends on the size and density of the nodules: the larger the nodules are, the shorter the interval of follow-up should be: small nodules below 5mm can be reviewed once a year, and followed up for 3~5 years; nodules between 5~10mm can be reviewed once every 3 months, and followed up twice; and every 6 months thereafter, and followed up for a total of 3~5 years; nodules above 10mm are best reviewed once every 1 month, and followed up for 3~5 years. Nodules over 10mm should be examined once every 1 month and followed up 4 times; then every 3 months and followed up twice; and then every 6 months for a total of 3~5 years. If the nodule is found to be enlarged or the patient develops symptoms, it is necessary to obtain a pathological diagnosis as soon as possible, and puncture biopsy is the more widely used diagnostic method at present. Experts remind that the discovery of lung nodules must be emphasized, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can improve the cure rate of lung cancer.