There are many different types of preexisting heart disease, and the surgical approach varies from disease to disease, and there is no exact number of open heart surgery procedures. The common types of CHD are arterial ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defect, aortic constriction, tetralogy of Fallot, and so on.
1. Arterial ductus arteriosus: The common open thoracotomy for arterial ductus arteriosus is catheter ligation/clamping under direct visualization or cut-and-suture, which is to separate the arterial ductus from the chest after chest opening and close the arterial ductus with suture or rivet clamp. If the patient’s condition is complicated, there are catheter short and thick, calcification, tumors, or the combination of severe pulmonary hypertension, infective endocarditis, etc. can be ligated under the assistance of extracorporeal circulation or catheter wall suture closure.
2. Atrial septal defect: Atrial septal defect is similar to open-heart surgery, which requires the establishment of extracorporeal circulation and incision of the cardiac chambers, exposing the defective part and then repairing the defective part with suture or patch according to the condition of the patient.
3. Aortic constriction: There are many surgical procedures for aortic constriction, commonly including constriction arterial resection end-to-end anastomosis, left subclavian artery tibial plasty, patch plasty, artificial angioplasty, artificial vascular bypass grafting and so on.
4. Tetralogy of Fallot: Surgery for tetralogy of Fallot includes palliative surgery and radical surgery. The former is commonly used two kinds of surgery: corporal circulation-pulmonary circulation shunt and right ventricular outflow tract unblocking surgery. Radical surgery is based on extracorporeal circulation to repair the ventricular septal defect, unblock the right ventricular outflow tract, put the riding aorta into the left ventricle as well as widen the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary valve ring.
Patients suffering from CHD are advised to visit the hospital as soon as possible and choose the appropriate treatment under the guidance of professional doctors.