The current changes in the etiology of urethral strictures in China are as follows: 1) Although trauma is still the main cause of urethral strictures, in recent years, with the widespread development of transurethral surgery, urethral strictures caused by various medical operations (including indwelling catheters) have increased significantly and have become the second most common cause of urethral strictures. 2) Urethral stricture due to gonorrhea is less common than before due to the early standardization of antibiotics. 3) The tendency of prostatic stricture caused by sclerosing moss, also known as occlusive dry priapism (BXO), is increasing. LS is a chronic progressive disease involving the external urethra and prostatic urethra, and its treatment cannot be equated with general urethral stricture and should be taken seriously. Treatment of anterior urethral stricture The choice of surgical procedure for anterior urethral stricture should take into account the stricture, length, degree, location, cause, previous treatment and the patient’s wishes. 1) For urethral stricture of the penile segment, it is feasible to perform the first or second stage surgery and to advocate oral mucosal urethral substitution surgery. End-to-end urethral anastomosis is not usually performed on the penile segment. 2) The choice of surgical approach for bulbous urethral stricture is based on the length of the stricture: A, <2 cm urethral stricture can be resected with end-to-end urethral anastomosis. B,Stenosis of 2~4cm can be treated by urethral extension anastomosis. C,For strictures >4cm, urethral substitution is performed. 4,For extra-long urethral strictures (>10cm), various mucosal complete replacement urethra reconstruction or extended urethroplasty are used. Treatment of posterior urethral stricture: complete excision of the urethra and its surrounding scar to achieve a tension-free anastomosis between the prostatic urethra and the bulbous urethra is the key to successful surgery. IV. Awareness of DVIU surgery Repeated DVIU can make open urethral surgery more difficult and increase the failure rate. Indications: It is suitable for patients with urethral strictures <1.0CM in length, with better results in the bulbous part and poorer results in the overhanging urethra, with more side-effects. Preoperative real-time ultrasound imaging of the urethra can provide reference for the depth and extent of the urethral incision, with better results in patients with urethral strictures <1.0CM in length. 3) DVIU is usually performed only once, and those who fail should choose open surgical treatment.