The most common cause of fluid accumulation in the abdomen, also known as peritoneal fluid, is cirrhosis of the liver, which can manifest itself in the early stages as enlargement of the liver area, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting or distension of the liver area. In the late stage, it can manifest as splenomegaly, hypersplenism and varices in the abdominal wall, spider nevus, wasting, and in severe cases, it can lead to upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and coma. It may also lead to pleural effusion and symptoms such as dyspnea and hemoptysis. Causes of pneumoperitoneum other than cirrhosis include hypoproteinemia, renal disease, neoplastic disease, tuberculosis, etc. Further CT of the upper abdomen, ultrasound of the liver, gallbladder, spleen and pancreas, and liver and kidney function tests are needed to clarify the specific cause and then treat the cause.