Helicobacter pylori detection methods include direct microscopy, rapid urokinase test, isolation culture, urea breath test, antigenic detection, and nucleic acid detection. 1. Direct microscopy: gastric mucosa biopsy specimen is taken under gastroscopy and smeared for gram staining to observe gram-negative curved or spiral-shaped bacteria. 2. Rapid urease test: add the gastric mucosa biopsy tissue into the urea reagent with phenol red as indicator, if the reagent changes from yellow to red, it will be positive, suggesting that there may be live H. pylori in the gastric mucosa tissue. 3. Separation culture: the gastric mucosa biopsy tissue is inoculated into the culture medium directly or after grinding, and incubated for 2-6 days before identification. However, the sensitivity of isolation culture is affected by a variety of factors, and is seldom used in clinical practice. 4. Urea breath test: the patient orally consumes urea labeled with the stabilizing nuclide C-13 or C-14, and if infected with Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium’s urease enzyme breaks down the urea to produce nuclide-labeled CO₂, which is present in large quantities in the patient’s exhaled breath, and can be detected using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. 5. Antigenic detection: collection of serum or feces and detection of H. pylori specific antibodies by ELISA, which can reflect the status of H. pylori infection over a period of time. 6. Nucleic acid test: PCR technology is used to directly detect H. pylori in gastric fluid, feces, dental plaque and water. If you are suspected of having H. pylori infection, you should go to a regular hospital for relevant examinations in time, and the doctor will give you targeted treatment after clarifying the cause of the disease.