Ureteral cancer, as the name suggests, is a cancer that originates from the epithelial cells of the ureter and has a low incidence. The lesions of ureteral cancer are mostly located at the distal ureter. It mostly occurs in elderly males, and most patients have a history of smoking and exposure to aromatic amine chemicals. The main manifestation is hematuria, which is caused by bleeding due to necrosis and detachment of tumor tissue. Patients with co-infection may experience urinary tract irritation. Tumor growth obstructing ureter can cause ureteral and pelvic effusion. 1.Main symptoms: Most of the patients show painless meatus hematuria, which can occur repeatedly. Some patients can combine with mild pain in the lumbar abdomen, and a few patients have colic due to spasm of the ureter caused by the blood clot stimulation. If the tissue surrounding the ureter or the trachea is invaded, the pain can be persistent and severe. In some patients, a mass can be felt on abdominal examination, either as a tumor or as a hydronephrosis. Patients may have signs of urinary tract irritation due to the irritation of hematuria. The consumption of tumor may make patients have systemic symptoms such as anorexia, weakness and weight loss. Tumor compression of testicular vein can cause varicocele. 2.Main examination: The first choice of examination is CT uroscopy, cystoscopy and ureteroscopy can also be applied. Endoscopy can evaluate the tumor form and take biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. 3.Treatment methods: Surgery is preferred to radical resection of kidney and ureter on the affected side, and laparoscopic resection can also be chosen, and endoscopic ablation can be performed for early stage ureteral cancer. For middle and late stage patients, radiotherapy and bioimmunotherapy can be chosen, and some patients can also achieve better results. In conclusion, as a malignant tumor, early detection and surgical treatment of ureteral cancer is the key to improve its therapeutic effect. For patients who are not suitable for surgical treatment, radiotherapy and bioimmunotherapy can sometimes achieve better therapeutic effect.