The treatment of portal hypertension mainly involves the treatment of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, the treatment of hypersplenism, and the treatment of intractable ascites. One of the most central issues is the treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, for which the following treatments are available: 1) pharmacological treatment; 2) endoscopic ligation or sclerotherapy; 3) surgical treatment. For each specific patient which treatment modality is suitable, different treatment methods should be selected according to the patient’s specific general condition, liver function status and primary cause of cirrhosis, or different causes of portal hypertension. This will lead to better treatment results, as well as longer treatment duration and benefit more patients. There are many surgical procedures in surgical treatment, the most common ones such as cut-off surgery and bypass surgery, which are all routine procedures.