Urinary tract infections are more common in women in urology clinics. Patients often present with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, hematuria, and lower abdominal pain. In severe cases, specific symptoms of acute bacterial infection of the kidney such as chills, high fever, and back pain can be present. Most patients can be successfully resolved with a careful diagnostic process and targeted antimicrobial therapy; however, when the bacteria are more virulent or the patient’s resistance is low, the bacteria colonizing the urinary epithelium are often not completely cleared, causing recurrent urinary tract infections to occur in patients. Many older women tend to have recurrent and prolonged episodes. So what is a urinary tract infection? How should we prevent and treat it? 1, urinary tract infection is an inflammatory response of the urinary tract epithelium to bacterial invasion. When these patients undergo urinalysis, red blood cells, white blood cells (called pus urine) and bacteria (called bacteriuria) can often be detected in the urine. Clinically, we differentiate urinary tract infections by naming them according to the different sites of infection. If the infection is in the bladder, it is called cystitis, and if the infection is in the kidney, it is called acute pyelonephritis. Of these, cystitis is the most common. Data show that the chance of bacteriuria in women increases with age, with at least 20% of women and 10% of men over the age of 65 suffering from bacteriuria. Therefore, the higher the chance of bacteriuria, the higher the chance of urinary tract infection. The cause of urinary tract infections is usually retrograde infection from the intestinal flora, except for a very small number of infections through the bloodstream and lymphatic routes. Women’s urethra is shorter, and the chance of retrograde infection of bacteria is greater than that of men. 2, in the urinary tract infection of the causative bacteria, E. coli is the most common, accounting for about 50-85% of the infection. Therefore, before the urine bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test, the empirical treatment applied is often drugs for E. coli or anaerobic bacteria. Doctors apply antibiotics based on empirical medications or based on the results of urine cultures and drug susceptibility tests. Patients often heal quickly. However, once the patient has developed a urinary tract infection, the chances of recurrence increase greatly. Especially in middle-aged and elderly women, their estrogen level decreases, the mucosa of the urethra and bladder degenerates, and the normal flora of the mucosa of the skin is disturbed, resulting in a weakened physiological barrier against infection, which makes it easy to get infected and repeatedly infected, making it more difficult to cure. In Chinese medicine, urinary tract infections are classified as hot gonorrhea. Jing Yue Quan Shu – gonorrhea” said: “the first disease of gonorrhea, it is not only from the heat, there is no room to identify. There is also gonorrhea for a long time, and pain and astringency are gone. And cream liquid has not been, gonorrhea such as white turbidity, this but in the Qi down and the fate of the door is not solid evidence.” At the same time, Chinese medicine in long-term observation and practice, recognized that the cause of the disease of urinary sensation has two aspects, one is the dampness and heat of the evil toxins contained in the bladder, the other aspect of the patient is insufficient positive energy, immunity is low. It is these two aspects that make elderly patients more difficult to cure than young people. Although the disease is mostly gone, there is still painful urination, or although cured, the disease recurs after a few weeks. A long-term observation of 235 women with urinary tract infections over a period of 1-20 years found that reinfection after cure occurred after 2 weeks. The more frequent the infection occurred, the higher the likelihood of recurrence of the infection; the longer the interval between infections, the lower the likelihood of recurrence. In the treatment of TCM, prescriptions are also used to address these two aspects of evil and positive deficiency. For the different stages of the disease, the two aspects of medicine have their own focus. For example, in the acute stage of infection, the disease is characterized by actual evil, so the main focus is on clearing dampness and heat, accompanied by qi-relieving agents, which can quickly relieve the disease, but also prevent the medicine from being too severe and injuring the righteousness. During the remission period, the evil has been mostly removed and the positive energy is weak, so there is no way to further remove the evil. In this way, while improving the immunity of the body, we can prevent the recurrence of urinary tract infection or prolong the time of recurrence to achieve the goal of final healing. In practice, the use of Qi, Yang, kidney, and spleen identification ideas in the remission period also received better results. The spleen and kidneys of middle-aged and elderly people are losing their vitality, and after the antibiotic treatment, although “the evil has been driven away for most of the time”, but it is unable to resist the evil out, and the remaining evil lies inside. Therefore, once the antibiotics are stopped, the infection often recurs within a short period of time. Benefiting Qi and supporting the righteousness, tonifying the weakness and decay, balancing the patient’s Yin and Yang, revitalizing the righteousness and improving the immunity, so that the righteousness has the ability to further dispel the residual evil or inhibit the bacterial virulence, which plays a positive role in the final eradication of the disease. With the aging of the society’s population, the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people has become an increasing concern. Complex urinary tract infection has become one of the important factors affecting the life and health of middle-aged and elderly people. Using the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, through anti-inflammatory treatment in the acute stage and supportive treatment in the remission stage, we can achieve the purpose of preventing the recurrence of infection, or reducing the number of recurrence and eventually cure. Thus, the quality of life of middle and old people can be improved.