Congenital cataracts are the result of certain endogenous (chromosomal inheritance) or exogenous (fetal or maternal systemic pathology) factors affecting the embryogenesis or growth and development of the lens during fetal development, resulting in different degrees and forms of crystal clouding. Most are present before birth, while a few become progressively more pronounced or worse after birth. Congenital cataracts are responsible for 30% of newborn blindness. According to the morphological characteristics of congenital cataracts, they can be divided into punctate cataracts, corolla cataracts, nucleus pulposus cataracts and total cataracts. The majority of congenital cataracts are static and do not affect vision and do not have any sensation, so they do not need special treatment. Only the so-called nucleus-wound cataracts and total clouding of the lens (total cataract), which have a greater impact on vision, need early surgery to prevent amblyopia. Congenital cataract is a manifestation of fetal developmental disorders. In addition to lens developmental disorders, it is often combined with malformations in other parts of the eye or body. Therefore, parents should take such children to the hospital for a comprehensive examination. In addition to the changes in the lens itself, attention should be paid to the presence of congenital malformations in the eye and other parts of the body. For example, children with congenital nuclear cataracts may have rickets, weak nails, and delayed dental development.