OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Triad of Fallot is a complex congenital cardiovascular malformation primarily characterized by pulmonary valve stenosis with patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect combined with right ventricular hypertrophy.
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Department
Cardiovascular Surgery
Clinical symptoms
Shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, cyanosis, etc.
Hazards
Patients often have shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, cyanosis, squatting and other manifestations, which can gradually develop into heart failure, and can also be complicated by lung infection, infective endocarditis and brain abscess, which can seriously jeopardize life and health.
Complications
Lung infection, infective endocarditis and brain abscess.
Examination
Cardiac auscultation, electrocardiogram, X-ray, echocardiogram.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical manifestations such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, cyanosis, etc., combined with cardiac related examinations.
Treatment principle
Surgery should be performed as early as possible, mainly to dilate the stenotic valve, repair the patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, and remove the hypertrophied myocardium of the right ventricle.
Curability
Surgical treatment is more effective, with the disappearance of cyanosis, the improvement or subsidence of self-conscious symptoms, and the obvious reduction of heart murmur after surgery.
Dietary advice
A light, easily digestible diet is appropriate.
Etiology
Epidemiology
Most of the patients are under 20 years old.
Etiology
Congenital developmental abnormalities.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
Common symptoms are shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and even fainting. In childhood or adulthood, cyanosis appears, and there may be pestle-like fingers (toes). Gradually develops into heart failure, and can be complicated by lung infection, infective endocarditis and brain abscess.
Diagnostic basis
The disease is congenital, and patients present with clinical manifestations such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness or even fainting, and cyanosis. Cardiac auscultation showed a systolic murmur in the 2nd intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum. Electrocardiogram and X-ray showed right ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography shows pulmonary valve stenosis and malformation, patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Early surgical intervention.
Surgery
Surgery should be performed as soon as possible if the diagnosis is clear and there are obvious symptoms, especially hypoxic seizures. Surgical treatment mainly involves dilation of the stenotic valve, repair of patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, and resection of hypertrophied myocardium in the right ventricle.
Prognosis
The results of surgical treatment are good, with the disappearance of cyanosis, improvement or subsidence of conscious symptoms, and significant reduction of heart murmur after surgery.
Nursing care
Daily care
Open the window frequently to keep the air fresh, protect against cold and warmth, and prevent upper respiratory tract infection. Pay attention to rest, avoid exertion and strenuous exercise, and gradually increase activities according to the recovery of heart function. Eliminate anxiety and build up confidence to overcome the disease.
Dietary management
Take a light and easy-to-digest diet.