Bladder cancer epidemiology: Cancer incidence is defined as the number of new cases diagnosed per 100,000 people per year. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. The incidence of bladder cancer is usually 3-4 times higher in men than in women. In the United States, bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men after prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, accounting for 6.6% of all tumors; women account for the ninth most common cancer and 2.4% of all cancers. Approximately 75-85% of bladder cancers are confined to the mucosal layer, which is clinically defined as Ta, CIS in situ, or submucosal tumor stage T1. These tumors are classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), of which 70% are Ta, 20% are T1, and 10% are CIS. in the past, these tumors were also referred to as superficial bladder cancer, and due to the possible benign feeling of that designation, the subsequent consensus conference, changed to NMIBC.