Smallpox vaccination usually refers to smallpox vaccination, and current research shows that smallpox vaccination can prevent monkeypox with an effectiveness rate of about 85%. Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease, its clinical manifestations are similar to smallpox, but the extent of the disease as well as the mortality rate are less than smallpox. Monkeypox virus is similar to smallpox virus, and current research shows that smallpox vaccine also has a protective effect against monkeypox, and smallpox vaccination before exposure can effectively protect the population from monkeypox. Currently, the treatment for monkeypox patients is mainly symptomatic and supportive, and there is no effective treatment drug. In case of general malaise and high fever, antipyretic drugs can be used under the guidance of a doctor, and the area where the rash occurs should be sterilized in order to prevent secondary infections. Since there is no effective treatment for monkeypox, it is important to avoid contact with wild animals and stay away from high-risk areas.