Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is a hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease caused by an acute rise in blood pressure. This disease is one of the major diseases that threaten human life and health at present. In order to reduce the occurrence of this disease, reduce the rate of death and disability, the author analyzed the risk factors for treating hypertension, reducing intracranial pressure and preventing cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which are reported below. Etiology of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage ICH refers to hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma, and nontraumatic ICH is the most common in adults. ICH is usually caused by hypertensive cerebral atherosclerosis; it is also caused by hyaline degeneration and necrosis of small arteries in the brain to form limited prominent cornea aneurysms that develop under fluctuations in blood pressure; it can also occur when blood pressure rises sharply under the influence of various risk factors and blood vessels leak or rupture. Most ICHs (2/3) have a history of hypertension, most of them are over 50 years old (more than 90%), slightly more males than females, more frequent in cold or sudden temperature change seasons, emotional excitement and exertion, other common causes are atherosclerosis, alcohol consumption, smoking and other harmful factors, patients have a sudden onset, often peaking in minutes to hours. After the onset of the disease, blood pressure increases significantly to about 200/120 mmHg. In severe cases, headache and vomiting occur, followed quickly by coma and urinary incontinence; some go directly into coma symptoms. Mild cases may always be conscious, often with hemiparesis, aphasia, headache and vomiting in some patients, and seizures in a few patients with ICH. Early prevention and treatment of hypertensive ICH 1. Control hypertension to prevent atherosclerosis Hypertension is the most dangerous factor causing ICH, especially in patients with no voluntary symptoms and high blood pressure. Treatment: (1) Reduce intracranial pressure: ① 20% mannitol 0.5-1.0g/(kg?) intravenous drip within 30min, in critical patients, 3-4h interval is appropriate (pay attention to changes in renal function), can be used alternately with other drugs. ② 10% or 20% glycerol hypertonic dehydration, static push or intravenous drip can make the intracranial pressure drop quickly, the dose is 0.5 ~ 1.0g/(kg?times), 3-4h after the second time. It is also better to take 25% to 50% glycerol orally. Tachyphylaxis is a medullary loop diuretic, which promotes sodium drainage, and the effect occurs about 30 min after intravenous injection of 1~2mg (kg?) and can be maintained for 4~8h. It can be used 2-6 times a day to maintain the dehydrated state. Dexamethasone: The main effects are to reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, reduce cerebrospinal fluid production, stabilize the lysosomal membrane, antioxidant free radicals and calcium channel blockers, etc. The effect starts 12～24h after the static push. The rushing dose is 0.5~1.0mg/(kg?times). ⑤ Other are 25% sorbitol, diuretic acid, etc. (2) Clinical antihypertensive drugs with diuretics or receptor blockers: such as low-dose hydrochlorothiazide 12.5μg/d, doxazosin 8.9mg/d, aminopterin 5μg/d, atenolol 25μg/d. (3) Antihypertensive drugs with calcium antagonists: such as nifedipine extended-release nifedipine, niladipine, amlodipine is effective. 2, control emotional excitement, avoid exertion, prevent cold and keep warm Emotional excitement and tension will cause vasoconstriction and sudden rise in blood pressure, leading to the occurrence of ICH. Some domestic people reported 218 cases of acute cerebrovascular disease (CT confirmed), there are 64 cases of ICH and subarachnoid hemorrhage, accounting for more than 29%; in the dynamic onset of 37 cases, accounting for more than 57%; it can be seen that people with hypertension must control emotional tension, avoid exertion, and prevent cold to keep warm. Because cold will make people’s blood vessels constrict, so that patients with hypertension and heart disease increased risk, so cold weather should pay attention to keep warm. Also keep your bowels open to prevent them from closing up. 3, avoid alcohol, quit smoking (1) drinking alcohol (refers to liquor), especially high liquor, can increase blood pressure, damage the hemostatic function, reduce the level of coagulation factors synthesized by the liver in the circulation, accelerate fibrinolysis, easily lead to diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC), and DIC is an important mechanism of hypertensive ICH. (2) Smoking is also harmful to humans because nicotine in tobacco stimulates sympathetic nerves, causing vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, and CO has an affinity for Hb, which can easily cause oxygen deficiency and lead to impaired lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. If the amount of smoking increases, it can further worsen hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, the cessation of alcohol and tobacco use has a preventive effect on hypertensive ICH. In conclusion, early prevention and treatment of hypertension is crucial and must be given high priority by patients, which is essential to prevent the onset of ICH. Preventing atherosclerosis, quitting smoking and alcohol, reducing obesity, eliminating tension, avoiding risk factors such as exertion, a scientific and reasonable diet, maintaining an optimistic mood, and strengthening aerobic exercise will be of great significance in the prevention and treatment of hypertensive ICH.