The prevention of monkeypox requires comprehensive prevention from the source of monkeypox virus, transmission channels, and vaccination. Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease characterized by fever and rash that is induced by infection with the monkeypox virus. Since the virus is generally susceptible to the general public, people who do not have relevant vaccine antibodies in their bodies are susceptible to infection. Prevention of monkeypox can be carried out from the following three aspects. 1. Management of infectious sources. Rodents infected with monkeypox, such as African squirrels, tree squirrels and so on. Monkeys and orangutans are important sources of human monkeypox. Infected humans are also infectious. 2. Cut off the way of transmission. Avoid contact with the above wild animals and avoid being scratched and bitten. Do not directly contact with the damaged skin and body fluids of diseased animals. Monkeypox virus can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets and direct contact with objects contaminated by body fluids of infected people. Wear a mask and gloves when approaching patients. Monkeypox virus can also be transmitted from mother to child, and the possibility of transmission through sexual contact cannot be ruled out, so attention should be paid to prevention. 3. Vaccination: Monkeypox and smallpox have certain similarities, and those who have been vaccinated against smallpox have certain cross-protection against monkeypox virus. Therefore, in endemic areas, smallpox vaccination can be used to achieve certain preventive effects. However, vaccination cannot guarantee 100% avoidance of infection, and susceptible people still need to be prevented comprehensively from the infectious sources and transmission routes of the disease.