Alpha interferon has been used in anti-hepatitis B virus treatment for nearly 20 years. Because of its high HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion, and not easy to occur viral mutation, and low relapse rate after obtaining efficacy, thus making alpha interferon one of the most common antiviral drugs. However, because it is a biological agent, it has certain adverse effects on all systems of the body, which in turn affects its clinical application. Therefore, it is important to understand in detail the adverse effects of alpha interferon and to deal with them in a timely and correct manner. The guidelines have certain introduction, this paper makes a more detailed interpretation of this. Common adverse reactions and treatment: 1, flu-like side effects: the highest incidence of adverse reactions, manifested as fever, chills, headache, muscle pain and fatigue, etc., individual patients may have nausea, vomiting symptoms. The intensity of the reaction and the patient’s physical condition, the size of the dose, most of them occur in the beginning of the injection of 1 to 3 shots, individual patients still have such reactions after the third injection, where the first injection reaction is the most intense, most of them occur 3 to 6 hours after the injection. Prevention can be achieved by injecting interferon alpha at bedtime or by taking antipyretic and analgesic drugs at the same time as interferon injection to reduce flu-like symptoms. The symptoms can also be treated as appropriate depending on the severity of the symptoms, such as giving antipyretic and analgesic drugs if they are severe, or drinking more water and resting if they are mild. Generally, such symptoms can be gradually reduced or disappear as the treatment progresses. Most of the patients can pass this period and complete the whole course of treatment, individual reactions are strong and cannot be tolerated, should consider switching to other antiviral drugs. 2, the role of the blood system: is also a high incidence of adverse reactions, mainly in the peripheral blood leukocytes (neutrophils) and platelet reduction, the impact on the level of hemoglobin is relatively small, the mechanism of its occurrence is mostly myelosuppression, leukocytes, platelet reduction is often seen in 2 weeks to 2 months of drug use, after 3 months, it tends to stabilize, so in the initial use of interferon, should be every 2 to 4 weeks to test the blood picture, or even once a week if necessary. If necessary, the test should be done once a week or even once every 2 to 3 days. It is controversial whether to apply leukocyte-lifting drugs prophylactically. If the blood picture is below normal, but the neutrophil count is >1.0 x 109/L and the platelet count is >75 x 109/L, the use of leukocyte-lifting or platelet-lifting drugs can be intensified, while the blood picture is closely monitored and the interferon dose and usage remain unchanged. If absolute neutrophil count ≤ 1.0 x 109/L and platelet count < 50 x 109/L, the interferon alpha dose should be reduced; recheck after 1~2 weeks and gradually increase to the original amount if recovery occurs. Although neutropenia is more common, infection or bleeding rarely occurs, and the white blood cell and platelet counts generally return to normal soon after stopping interferon therapy, causing a general incidence of severe bone marrow suppression.