The change of seasons is also the time when the number of new stroke patients increases. All know the danger of stroke, how to prevent it, especially how to prevent it correctly, how to choose the correct and appropriate method to prevent it, but it has been something that the people are not particularly aware of. Here we only talk about the use of drugs and surgery in the prevention of cerebral infarction. As the prevention of cerebral infarction drugs, the first consideration is to treat some underlying diseases that lead to cerebral infarction, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, high blood lipids and so on. For example, in the drug treatment of hypertension, we often come across some patients who say that they have been taking antihypertensive drugs, but when they are asked how their blood pressure is controlled, they are at a loss and in the clouds. His blood pressure may be lowered to the target value, but it may also still be high. Elevated blood pressure is as harmful as a rising riverbed. According to research, for every 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure, the relative risk of stroke increases by 49%, and for every 5 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure, the relative risk of stroke increases by 46%. Therefore, after starting to take antihypertensive drugs for a certain period of time, it is important to measure your blood pressure frequently, and it is best to record it and show it to your doctor. Your doctor can then adjust the dosage, frequency, type of medication, and even whether or not to combine medications based on your blood pressure. Then the blood pressure target should be lowered to how much, the current study that the average hypertensive patients should be reduced to 140/90 mmHg or less; special patients, then specific treatment. Heart disease patients with atrial fibrillation stroke rate of 12.1%, atrial fibrillation caused by cerebral infarction, often catastrophic; this is due to the heart attached to the wall thrombus tends to be larger, dislodged to flow to the cerebral vasculature, blockage of most of the large blood vessels, and these clots are mostly very old, difficult to autolyze or be dissolved, so the infarction area is very large, and the final destination most likely to be death or severe disability. Various studies now suggest that anticoagulation (e.g., warfarin) and antiplatelet agents can reduce the incidence of stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF by 64% and 22%, respectively. Therefore there is no doubt that patients with atrial fibrillation should take anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. It is worth noting that the use of anticoagulants is a very careful and specialized treatment, which must be prescribed by a specialist and regularly checked. Lipid disorders are also a growing focus of medical attention in stroke prevention. A large study in a population of 35,203 confirmed that for every 1mmol/L increase in total cholesterol, the incidence of stroke increased by 25%. Lowering blood lipids is therefore one of the keys to reducing the incidence of stroke. Some studies have suggested that in the general risk group, with statins, the goal is to reduce LDL~C (low-density lipoprotein) levels to less than 2.59 mmol/L, while in the high-risk group, such as patients who have had ischemic strokes, if LDL~C > 2.07 mmol/L, LDL~C should be lowered to 2. 07 mmol/L, and some studies have even suggested that lowering it to 1.8 mmol/L for better stroke prevention. Aspirin has been commonly used for stroke prevention, almost common knowledge, and most doctors prescribe it to patients with cerebral infarction; several trials have confirmed that for people who are prone to but have not yet had a stroke, taking aspirin 50-500 mg daily can reduce the risk of stroke by 17%; and for those who have already had a cerebral infarction, taking aspirin can result in a significant reduction in the incidence of serious vascular events (a significant reduction compared to those who did not take it). For people who have already had a cerebral infarction, taking aspirin can reduce the incidence of serious vascular events significantly (from 8.2% to 6.7% per year), and the total number of stroke events and coronary events can be reduced by about 1/5. However, for some patients, due to long-term bad habits or failure to control the underlying diseases, or timely and correct treatment after the discovery of atherosclerosis, the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain have already been significantly narrowed or occluded, for example, carotid artery narrowing, etc. After narrowing, the blood vessels are naturally more prone to develop a narrowing effect. After the narrowing of blood vessels, it is naturally easier to have a stroke. The causes of cerebral infarction are generally as follows: first, the blood supply of blood vessels definitely decreases after narrowing, and the perfusion is insufficient, resulting in brain tissues being in an ischemic state, and the blood supply of blood vessels further decreases under certain triggers such as profuse sweating, diarrhea, and low blood pressure, etc., and cerebral infarction occurs when it cannot satisfy the minimum demand of brain tissues, and it is most commonly known as the Watershed Cerebral infarction; secondly, the narrowed part of blood vessel is mostly atheromatous plaque, in some cases, the plaque falls off and enters the brain along the blood flow, blocking a certain blood vessel, which leads to cerebral infarction; thirdly, the narrowed part of blood vessel has a rough wall, and the surface of the vessel is prone to form thrombus, and this thrombus can fall off at any time under the impact of the blood flow and enter the brain along the blood flow, blocking a certain blood vessel, which also leads to cerebral infarction. In this state, strict dietary control and strict drug treatment, although can reduce the risk of stroke, but still can not solve the problem fundamentally, because there is no reliable evidence can be confirmed, drugs can reduce stenosis or make the blood vessel back to normal, especially the medium and severe stenosis; at present, the current study only confirms that intensive lipid-lowering drug treatment can stabilize the plaque, and conventional antiplatelet therapy that can reduce platelet aggregation and reduce the risk of thrombosis. However, the stenosis still exists, blood flow is still inadequate, and the wall of the stenosis is still rough. Therefore, for some stenotic vessels, further intervention is necessary to further reduce the recurrence of stroke. Currently, there are two main types of surgical interventions for stenoses: angioplasty and stenting and internal carotid endarterectomy. Internal carotid artery endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to incise the carotid artery after general anesthesia to strip away the plaque in the stenosis and restore the lumen of the blood vessel to a normal state. This procedure has been carried out abroad for more than half a century with mature technology, but it is still in its infancy in China. Angioplasty and stenting, on the other hand, has only a short history of about twenty years, but because it is a minimally invasive procedure, relatively simple, and generally does not require general anesthesia and other advantages, it has rapidly become popular around the world; its method is to cover the stenosis with a mesh stent, which holds the stenosis open and expands it to a certain extent, thus improving cerebral blood flow; and the stent covers the plaques to reduce the likelihood of plaque dislodgement; at the same time, the surface of the stent is gradually covered by newborn At the same time, the surface of the stent is gradually covered by new endothelial cells, which makes the surface smooth and reduces the possibility of thrombosis. In addition, even if restenosis occurs at the stent site later, it buys time for collateral circulation to form, again reducing the probability of stroke. Any procedure carries risks, as do angioplasty and stenting and internal carotid artery dissection, and the probability of complications exists. The biggest and most dangerous risk is that after the narrowed vessel is opened, the blood flow supplied to the brain tissue increases rapidly within a short period of time, which cannot be tolerated by the original ischemic brain tissue, resulting in over perfusion, brain swelling, or even bleeding; and there is also the case that plaque or thrombus at the narrowed area is dislodged in the process of treatment and flows into the distal blood vessel, resulting in the occurrence of a stroke, and so on. At present, with the maturity of technology and improvement of equipment, serious complications have been very low. Both medication and surgical interventions can greatly reduce the incidence of stroke, but the current state of medical care does not have a perfect solution to completely eliminate the occurrence of stroke. Moreover, strokes occur due to a variety of reasons, and the above methods are only preventive treatments in certain aspects, and there are still many unanswered questions in medicine, and much work to be done. However, forming good lifestyle habits from any point in time is the foundation of all stroke treatments and will definitely reduce the incidence of stroke.